Download INFECTION CONTROL

INFECTION CONTROL
WHAT ARE PATHOGENS?
Microorganisms that invade and attack the
tissue and cells of the body.
• Virus: Smallest pathogen. Needs a host.
• Bacteria: Single celled.
• Fungus: Single or multicellular.
CHAIN OF INFECTION
5-1 page 85
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Reservoir host
Portal of exit
Route of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
PROTECTION FROM PATHOGENS
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Physical Barriers: Skin and Mucous
Membranes.
Chemical Barriers: Saliva, Stomach Acid,
Fever.
Active Immunity: Body produces
antibodies; after being exposed to
pathogen (sick) or from a vaccine.
Passive Immunity: Mother to child.
BREAKING THE CHAIN OF INFECTION
5-2 Page 86
• Kill the pathogen before it can invade the
host.
• Change the environment. (Moist to Dry)
• (Temperature – Increase Temperature)
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Wear gloves, goggles, gowns, and/or masks
Wash hands and other skin surfaces immediately following
contamination
Avoid giving mouth to mouth CPR
• Mouth to mask
• Resuscitator bag
• “Hands Only” CPR
Avoid direct patient contact if YOU have open wounds
Carefully and properly dispose of all sharp objects (needles,
scalpel, etc.) in a puncture-resistant container.
CAUSES OF HEPATITIS B
Caused by direct contact with infected
blood.
• Tattoo, acupuncture, body piercings,
• semen, vaginal secretions, sharing
needles for IV drug use
HEPATITIS B AND C
Both are chronic and sometimes fatal
Both attack the liver. Causing a decrease in
liver function which will cause jaundice.
There is no vaccination for HCV
PREVENTING HEPATITIS B AND C
Practice universal precautions
Get HBV vaccination
CAUSES OF HIV (AIDS)
Semen, vaginal secretions, sharing needles
for IV drug use, birth to infected mother
(breast milk through breast feeding)
Currently there are no known reports of
HIV transmission through athletics
PREVENTION OF HIV (AIDS)
Practice universal precautions
The only way to know if you are infected with HIV
is to get a blood test for HIV
Individuals may be infected, have the virus, and be
contagious for years (sometimes up to 10 years)
without knowing it.
SKIN INFECTIONS AND
DERMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
• MRSA (Methicillin resistant staphylococcus
aureus
• Athletes Foot (Tinea Pedis)
• Ring Worm (Tinea Corposis)
• Herpes
• Papilloma Virus (HPVV)
• Impetigo
MRSA
Caused by a bacteria
Pimple or rash on the skin that swells and is warm
Gets worse everyday
With a pen, put dots around the rash to see if it is
growing
ATHLETES FOOT
Caused by a fungus
Red rash that causes extreme itchiness. May be seen as small
pimples with yellow serum that leak when scratched.
Found between toes and at the bottom of the foot
Only skin infection or dermatological condition that can be
treated will OTC medication
RING WORM
Caused by a fungus
Is classified as a dermatophyte which produce a well
defined itchy scaly red patch (ring).
Very contagious
Will disqualify an athlete from competition
HERPES
Caused by a virus
Symptoms are: blisters, inflamed skin, and pain on the
face, trunk, and genitalia.
Highly contagious
Will disqualify an athlete from competition if it is in an
exposed area of the body.
PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)
Caused by a virus
Flesh colored lesion (whitish) with small dark spots
Most commonly seen as warts on the feet of athletes
(plantar warts)
Very contagious
Some people are more susceptible than others
IMPETIGO
Caused by a bacteria (staph and strep)
Redness, Itching, and soreness in high friction areas
Highly contagious
Most common in skin to skin competition (rugby,
wrestling) and sports that require pads (friction)
Will disqualify an athlete from competition
THINKING IT THROUGH