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Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Marietta, GA The Culprits: Rats and Fleas Yersinia Pestis • Bacteria found in rats, prairie dogs, fleas and other animals that cause plague. • can grow with or without oxygen. During an outbreak, the bacteria can survive for months in cool, moist conditions, such as a rodent hole. • Approximately 10 to 20 people in the United States develop an infection each year from flea or rodent bites. Transmission • Bites from infected rodent fleas • Direct contact with infected tissue or bodily fluids • Inhaling infected droplets. The Famine of 1315-1317 By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate. A population crisis developed. Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain. As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople! The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form: bites of an infected flea or rodent almost 100% mortality rate. From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411, a German language bible from the Toggenburg region in Switzerland Lancing a Buboe The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria. Medieval Art & the Plague Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead! “Bring out Your Dead” by Monty Python • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grbSQ6 O6kbs • Stop at 1:50 Medieval Art & the Plague An obsession with death. Boccaccio in The Decameron The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors. Boccacio: The Decameron Italian author and poet friend of humanist Petrarch Story of 7 women, 3 men Flee from plague in Florence to villa outside Naples 1 Story for every one night spent at the villa (love stories ranging from the erotic to the tragic) The Roman Catholic Church is satirized Many scholars suggest the women represent 4 cardinal virtues and 3 theological virtues of (Prudence, Justice, Temperance, and Fortitude and Faith, Hope and Love) The men represent the Greek 3 part division of the soul (reason, anger, and lust) The Decameron The Danse Macabre Attempts to Stop the Plague A Doctor’s Robe “Leeching” Attempts to Stop the Plague Flagellanti: Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins! Attempts to Stop the Plague Pograms against the Jews “Jew” hat “Golden Circle” obligatory badge Death Triumphant !: A Major Artistic Theme A Little Macabre Ditty “A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.” “Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.” A Little Macabre Ditty (2) “I had to laugh,” the merchant said, “The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled; “And proved through solemn disputation “The cause lay in some constellation. “Then they began to die.” “First they sneezed,” the merchant said, “And then they turned the brightest red, Begged for water, then fell back. With bulging eyes and face turned black, they waited for the flies.” A Little Macabre Ditty (3) “I came away,” the merchant said, “You can’t do business with the dead. “So I’ve come here to ply my trade. “You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…” And then he sneezed……….! “Ring around the Rosy” • Ring around the rosy (red rash in the shape of ring) A pocketful of posies (carried to ward off disease) "Ashes, Ashes" We all fall down! • Ring-a-Ring o'Rosies A Pocket full of Posies "A-tishoo! A-tishoo!" We all fall Down • Some scholars dispute the connection to the plague. The Mortality Rate 35% - 70% 25,000,000 dead !!!