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Viruses Non-Living What is a V i r u s? • A disease causing particle consisting of hereditary material enclosed in a protein coat that is smaller and less complex than a cell What is a Virus? A virus infects a host. A host is a living thing that provides a home and food for a parasite. A parasite is an organism that survives by living on or in a host organism, thus harming it. What does a virus look like? Figure 19-9 Virus Structures Viral Structures and Names Tobacco Mosaic Virus T4 Bacteriophage Head Influenza Virus RNA DNA Capsid proteins Capsid RNA Tail sheath Tail fiber Surface proteins The really small guys. Membrane envelope How does a virus reproduce? 1. Attaches to a cell. 2. Injects hereditary material into the cell. 3. Uses cell to perform life functions. (for the virus) 4. Virus replicates using the cell. 5. The cell ruptures, releasing multiple copies of the virus. 6. The cell dies. Life Cycles What are some examples of a virus? Colds, fever blisters, and warts. AIDS, measles, influenza, hepatitis, small pox, polio, mumps, encephalitis, herpes. Papilloma virus Warts Influenze virus Flu Human Immunodeficiency Virus - AIDS Rabies Virus Viral Diseases Type of Virus Nucleic Acid Disease Oncogenic viruses DNA Cancer Retrovirus RNA Cancer, AIDS Adenoviruses DNA Respiratory infections Herpesviruses DNA Chickenpox Poxviruses DNA Smallpox Some viruses can be prevented with vaccines. Antibiotics do not work on viruses. Why not? What defines life? • Must meet ALL of H.O.G.R.E.C.R. – Homeostasis – Organization (atoms to organism) – Growth & development – Reproduction – Energy use/metabolism – Cell(s) – Respond to stimulus Viruses are not Cells • • • • • • Viruses have nucleic acids Viruses have a protein coat Viruses cannot grow Viruses do not use energy Viruses do not meet all of H.O.G.R.E.C.R. Viruses can change over time using energy from host cells Bacteria Structure of a Bacterium Ribosome Peptidoglycan Cell Cell wall membrane Flagellum DNA Pili Bacteria are prokaryotes. (Cell is prokaryotic) “Little bit larger now” but still microscopic. Bacterial Diseases and Prevention Disease Pathogen Prevention Tooth decay Streptococcus mutans Regular dental hygiene Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi Protection from tick bites Tetanus Clostridium tetani Current tetanus vaccination Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vaccination Salmonella food poisoning Salmonella enteritidis Proper food-handling practices Pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae Maintaining good health Cholera Vibrio cholerae Clean water supplies Proper hygiene can prevent many bacterial infections. Antibiotics treat most bacterial diseases.