Download Leptospira interrogans

Islamic University Of
Gaza
FACULTY OF SCIENCE.
Medical Technology Department.
‫اعتدال نمر محمد رحمة‬:Student name
22004/1825 : Student number
‫ عبد الرؤوف المناعمة‬:‫مقدم إلى الدكتور‬
INTRODUCTION:
* Leptospira interrogans causes the
disease Leptospirosis .
* Leptospira interrogans are zoonotic
pathogens that have been linked to a
recent increased incidence of morbidity
and mortality in highly populated tropical
urban centres.
INTRODUCTION:
* leptospirosis has long been recognised
as
an important endemic disease in many
tropical regions, it is now becoming a
more
common problem in highly populated
urban centres.
CHARACTERISTICS:
* Flexible, Gram-negative spirochetes
(cork-screw or spiral shaped
bacteria).
* Six to nine micrometers long.
* These microbes propel themselves
using internal flagella and twisting
back and forth.
Leptospira interrogans
Transmission :
* Transmission is most often from dogs,
livestock, and wild mammals.
* The organisms can establish a commensal
relationship with many animal hosts,
persisting in the renal tubules without
producing disease or causing pathologic
changes in the kidney.
Leptospira interrogans
Transmission :
* From here they are continually excreted
in the urine and can contaminate natural
bodies of water which serve as a source of
the infection.
PATHOGENESIS:
* The organism penetrates intact
mucous membranes or burrows
through small breaks in the skin to
enter the blood stream although
occasionally it is transmitted through
ingestion of contaminated food or by
inhalation of droplet aerosols of
contaminated fluids.
Leptospira interrogans
MODE OF INFECTION:
The direct contact with:
1-Urine of infected animals .
2- Water and soil recently
contaminated with infected urine.
HIGH_RISK GROUPS:
* FARMERS .
* SEWER WORKERS.
CLINICAL FEATURES:
* Clinically, it is typified by diverse
symptoms that include fever, headache,
severe muscle pain, ocular disorders,
meningitis, hepatitis, jaundice, renal
failure and pulmonary haemorrhage.
* Weil's disease (severe leptospirosis)
Leptospira interrogans
Lab diagnosis:
*
Dark field microscopy of blood
and
CSF .
*
Sero-diagnosis.
TREATMENT AND
PREVENTION:
*
Penicillin
*
Animal immunization
* Proper treatment and disposal of
contaminated water.
Leptospira interrogans