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Water Quality What is polluting our water? • Cities require a very large input of freshwater and in turn have a huge impact on freshwater systems. • Solid waste disposal is a growing threat to health and the environment. • 93% of the urbanization occurs in poor or developing countries • 789 million in total, lives without access to improved sanitation facilities. • The urban poor pay up to 50 times more for a liter of water than their richer neighbors, since they often have to buy their water from private vendors. Water on Earth • 30% groundwater • MWD serves 18 million people in Southern California (Colorado River) • State water project Watershed: an area of land where all water that drains from it goes to the same place What does your watershed look like? CCHS is located in Ballona Creek Watershed Concerns in Ballona – – – – – Urban runoff Trash & debris High nutrients Bacterial levels Heavy metals & toxins Brown Pelican Marine Ecosystems California least tern • Concerns in Malibu Tidewater goby Steelhead Trout – – – – Tapia Treatment Plant Septic discharges High nutrients Bacterial levels Santa Monica: Concerns in Santa Monica Canyon Channel How are pollutants transported? Fecal Pollution • • • • • • • Dogs Livestock Birds People WWTP discharges Septic systems Anthropogenic pollution – Surfactants – Nutrients – Oil and grease Nutrient Pollution Methods : Fecal indicator bacteria • Fecal indicator bacteria are generally not harmful bacteria that reside in the gut of animals • FIB are released into the environment with feces and used to indicate water quality • Limitations: • Method requires 24hr to get a result. • Does not give you information on the source www.idexx.com Data: Enterococci bacteria Enterococci MPN/100mL Enterococci bacteria (MPN/100mL) 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Cr ee G ro k un dw Ba at llo er na Cr ee k ch M al ib u ib u Be a M al ib u on i M nt a M al ca C Be ac re e k h Enterococci MPN/100mL ca on i M Sa nt a Sa • Water quality standards • Enterococci: 104MPN/100mL • E. coli: • 400MPN/100mL • Which beach had highest levels? • Which watershed is most contaminated? Sample location Water Quality and Public Health Swimming related illness • Acute Respiratory disease • Gastrointestinal illness • Diarrhea • Vomiting • Nausea • Fever • Sore throat • Runny nose • Ear or Eye infection • Skin rash Bacteria • Escherichia coli • Salmonella typhi • Vibrio Cholerae • Campylobacter jejunji Viruses • Adenovirus • Enterovirus • Hepatitis A • Rotavirus 16 Urban Runoff Source:http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/ Stormwater treatment Legacy Park in Malibu Point-of-use Treatment •Metal salts such as alum and iron sulfate can transform contaminated source waters into clear, safe drinkable water. Turbid river water treated with a flocculant-disinfectant powder in Borneo.
