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Introduction What is Microbiology? Micro Bio Too small object to be seen by the ordinary eyes Refers to life Ology Means science Microbiology is the science studying very small living cells that could not be seen by ordinary eyes. These cells are called: microbes, organisms, microorganisms, or pathogens. Definition It is the science that deals with studying of parasites, fungi, bacteria, and viruses that cannot be seen by the naked eye and cause human infectious diseases. Types: Helmeth protozoa fungi bacteria virus &prion Prokaryotes & eukaryotes ???????? Bacteria Fungi Microbes Parasites Parasitology Bacteriology Viruses Bacterial morphology Morphology 1) Size 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Shape Arrangement Stain Motility Capsulated or not Spore forming or not Morphology 1) Size …….. In Micron - The unit of measurement is the micrometer (µm), known as micron = 1/1000 of a millimeter. so, µm = 1/1000,000 of a meter, i.e. micron = 10-6 meter? - Bacterial cells range in size from about o.2 to 8 µm. Morphology 1) Size 2) Shape - Cocci - Bacilli - Vibrios - Spirochetes 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) rounded cells elongated cells curved rods helical filaments Arrangement Stain Motility Capsulated or not Spore forming or not Morphology 1) Size Chain 2) 2) Shape 3) Arrangement Pairs Clusters 4) Stain 5) Motility 6) Capsulated or not 7) Spore forming or not Morphology 1) Size 2) 2) Shape 3) Arrangement 4) Stain 5) Motility 6) Capsulated or not 7) Spore forming or not Gram +ve Gram -ve Morphology 1) Size 2) 2) Shape 3) Arrangement 4) Stain 5) Motility 6) Capsulated or not 7) Spore forming or not Structure of the bacterial cell Prokaryotes & eukaryotes Prokaryotes & eukaryotes Table 1 Prokaryote Eukanyotes 1.Nucleus - N. membrane - Nucleoli - Chromosomes Primitive Absent Absent -Single, circular -Haploid True Present Present -Multiple, linear -Diploid 1.Cytoplasm - Mitochondria - enzyme system - Ribosome Absent Simple 70s (30s & 50s) Present Complex 80s (40s & 60s) 1.Cytoplasmic M Present with no sterol except in mycoplasma Present and contain sterol. 1.Cell wall Present and contain peptidoglycan If present as in fungi contain chitin. 1.Replication Binary fission Mitosis 1.Motility By flagella By different organs 1.Examples Bacteria Protozoa and fungi