Download Producer

What do all living
things need?
Energy!
All living things need a
constant flow of energy
Top
Consumers
Primary Consumer
Producer
Secondary
Consumers
Carnivores
Top Consumer
Secondary
Consumer
Plant
Carnivore
Primary Consumers
Herbivores
Decomposers
Fungus &
Bacteria
Herbivore
Producers
Plants
From where do
the producers
get their energy?
From the SUN!!!
By what process do the
producers capture solar
energy & convert it into a
usable form for all living
things?
When we are done with this
chapter, you will be able to…
1. Explain why Photosynthesis is
necessary
2. Tell where photosynthesis takes place
3. What is the formula for photosynthesis
4. Explain how photosynthesis occurs
a) Reactants & products of the Light
reaction
b) Reactants & products of the Calvin Cycle
Chapter 4:
Photosynthesis
Let’s get into this
Energy produced by the producers (with
the energy from the sun) is transferred
from one organism to the next.
Sun
Producers
Primary
Consumers
Secondary
Consumers
Photosynthesis
• Process by which green plants or
organism with chlorophyll, convert
light energy into the chemical energy in
the bonds of carbohydrates
• Autotrophic –
– Can transfer energy to produce food
– can make their own food
– Plants, some bacteria & some protists
• Heterotrophic –
– Must obtain energy from preformed food
– must eat food
– Fungus, all animals, some bacteria & protists
What is needed for autotrophs to
photosynthesize?
•
•
•
•
Carbon dioxide
(atmospheric)
Water (in the soil or
air)
Sunlight (or artificial
light source)
Chlorophyll (present
in leaves and
sometimes stems)
General formula for
Photosynthesis
Where does Photosynthesis take place in a leaf?
• Chloroplasts are
small oval structures
containing the green
pigment chlorophyll
on the leaves of
plants
What does a chloroplast look like?
Chloroplasts are oval structures consisting of
stacked grana (photosynthetic membranes)
• and a liquid called stroma.
– Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana
Photosynthesis occurs in 2 major steps
Light Reaction occurs in the...
Calvin Cycle occurs in the...
Step 1 – The Light Reaction
•
Occurs only in the
presence of light.
– Occurs in the grana
(stacks) of the
chloroplasts
– Light is used to split
water molecules into
hydrogen and oxygen
and to move electrons
through the
membranes of the
grana to produce ATP
Light
Dependent
Reaction
Membrane of the
Grana
Light
Independent
Reaction
Occurs in
Stroma
Glucose
Step 2. Calvin Cycle (Light independent
reaction)
• can occur in light or darkness. Follows
light reaction
• Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts
• CO2 will get “fixed up” with the ATP
energy from the light reaction (and
hydrogens also from the Light Reaction)
to produce Glucose
Membrane of the
Grana
Occurs in
Stroma
Glucose
The Steps in Photosynthesis
THE LIGHT REACTION
• 1) The light energy strikes the leaf, passes
into the leaf and hits a chloroplast inside an
individual cell.
• 2) The light energy, upon entering the
chloroplasts, is captured by the chlorophyll
inside a grana.
• 3) Inside the grana some of the energy is
used to split water into hydrogen and
oxygen. Produces ATP molecules
• 4) The oxygen is released into the air.
The Calvin Cycle (Light Independent
Reaction)
5) The hydrogen is taken to the stroma along with the ATP
energy from the Light Reaction.
6) Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and passes into the
chloroplast.
7) In the stroma, the remaining light energy is used to
combine hydrogen and carbon dioxide to make
carbohydrates. This occurs during the Calvin
Cycle
8) The energy-rich carbohydrates (Glucose) are
carried to the plant's cells.
H
Look at the diagram of photosynthesis from the previous slide. What are
the names of the two reactions that are occurring in the chloroplasts
Describe what reactants are going in and what products are going out.
H
Summary
Great Summary of Photosynthesis
& Respiraton
• Animation
• Another good one
REACTION
TYPE
What goes
into it?
What
comes
out of it?
Does it
need
light?
Does it
need
the
dark?
What
gets
split?
(What is
produced?)
Light
Reaction
Calvin Cycle
H2O
Oxygen
Yes
Water
No
Sunlight
CO2 and
What
goes
into the
next
stage?
ATP
Hydrogen
Glucose
No
No
Hydrogens
(from the light
reaction)
Nicholl
Nothing
The
Glucose
will be
used for
energy for
the cell
PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW
1. What is the definition of Photosynthesis?
2. What are the reactants for Photosynthesis?
3. What are the products?
4. What happens during the light reaction of Photosynthesis?
5. What is made during the Calvin Cycle?
6. In what structure is chlorophyll found within a chloroplast?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW
7. What occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast?
8. Does the light reaction have to occur in the light?
9. Does the light independent reaction have to occur in the dark?
10. Why is glucose so valuable to all living things?
11. Why are plants known as autotrophs (or “producers”)?