Download Diseases Home Page

Typhoid Fever
Amy Kim, Jiwon Cheong, Hijo Byeun, Allison Lee
Typhoid Fever
A bacterial infection
It annually affect 21 million and kills 200,000 people worldwide
Caused by Bacteria.
Causes
Mostly by Salmonella typhi bacteria, but also by Salmonella
paeatyphi.
The way you can catch this is by drinking water or eating
food that is contaminated by those types of bacteria.
(Spread by a human carrier.)
An example of how it is spread is when a person who has
the bacterium does not wash his or her hands well and then
touches food that is later eaten.
Flies spread the disease also.
Jiwon Cheong
How it Causes
Jiwon Cheong
First, the bacteria spread throughout the small intestine and then through the blood
stream
Carried by white blood cells
The bacterium then enters organs, multiplies, and then travels to other organs using the
bloodstream
Every time the bacteria enters an organ, symptoms begin to appear, starting form when
the bacteria enters the bloodstream
Bibliography
Jiwon Cheong
•
1. "Typhoid Fever." Penn State Hershey. 26 Oct. 2008
<http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/t/typhoidfever.htm>.
•
2. "Typhoid Fever." MedicineNet.com. 8 Oct. 1927 <www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/article.htm>.
•
3. "Typhoid Fever (cont.)." MedicineNet.com. 27 Oct. 2008
<www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/page2.htm>.
Symptoms
Allison Lee
•
The most common symptoms are headache, poor appetite, fever, lethargy, diarrhea,
sore throat
Children often have diarrhea and vomitting
The tongue becomes dry and has white patches in the center.
People get a constant fever that is usually 39~40degree celsius.
Skin rashes(rose spots) occur.
usually on abdomen or chest at the second week of fever
later it may lead to inflammation of bones and ulceration of bowels
Symptoms
Allison Lee
Lethargy later could bring prostration.
Abdominal pain and discomfort are also common symptoms.
Untreatment could result in other symptoms such as weight loss, continue high
fever, distended abdomen, meningitis, arthritis.
Some patients may experience relapse from the typhoid fever after one or two
weeks.
Bibliography
Allison Lee
•
1. "Typhoid Fever / Enteric fever: Symptom, Information, causes, Treatment of Typhoid Fever."
Online health care guide - Health Care Information plan for family health, womens health, mens
and child healt. 27 Oct. 2008 <http://www.diseasesatoz.com/typhoid-fever-symptom.htm>.
•
2. "Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine." MedicineNet.com. 27 Oct. 2008
<www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/page2.htm>.
•
3. "Typhoid Fever Symptoms." Diseases Home Page. 27 Oct. 2008
<http://diseases.emedtv.com/typhoid-fever/typhoid-fever-symptoms.html>.
•
4. "Typhoid fever: Symptoms." Mayo Clinic medical information and tools for healthy living MayoClinic.com. 27 Oct. 2008 <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/typhoidfever/DS00538/DSECTION=symptoms>.
•
Transmission
Who assists to this transmission?
People who have got the sickness, 3-5% become the carrier
Hijo Byeun
Where in our world?
The disease will occur underdeveloped and yet developed countries such as Latin
American, Asia and Africa.
Where in our lives?
The bacteria grow in contaminated and spoiled food and especially drinking water.
Also it will be carried through animal and human’s excrements.
The bacteria will last for many days and weeks in the food that includes the dried Last for
weeks in water or dried wastes.
The bacteria develop in the gallbladder, bile ducts and liver.
It is the white blood cell in the liver, spleen and the bone marrow that the bacteria will
develop and later goes into the bloodstream.
To Whom
Transmission
Hijo Byeun
The disease will occur underdeveloped and yet developed countries such as Latin
American, Asia and Africa.
The sickness will develop sporadically in a specific location and the older and younger
generations.
The location of effects.
The location of a body that will be visible would be cramps in muscles and abdominal
pain.
The signs that will appear would be in a patient’s state of consciousness also including
stupor and coma.
Locations
Amy Kim
Developing nations
Common in most of the world
“except in industrialized regions
such as the United States,
Canada, western Europe,
Australia, and Japan”
Asia, Africa, and Latin
America have been
especially at risk.
Bibliography
Hijo Byeun
•
1. “Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine on MedicineNet.com.”
MedicinNet.com 27.oct.2008
<http://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/page2.htm#2howdo>
•
2. Typhoid Fever “Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine.” Published by the Gale group The
Essay, Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt (author)
Oct.27.2008<http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp
?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/typhoid_fever.jsp>
•
3. Typhoid Fever in Adults. “VisualDxHealth Worldwide Web” Oct.27, 2008
http://www.visualdxhealth.com/atlas/typhoidFever.htm
Wash your hands
hot soapy water
Prevention
Amy Kim
”before eating or preparing food and after using the
toilet. “
carry hand-sanitizer to wash hands when water isn’t
availableAvoid drinking untreated water
•
drink only canned, bottled, or carbonated beverages,
such as bottled water, wine, or bear
try to drink mostly carbonated bottle water
clean the outside of bottles and cans before you
open.
avoid drinking beverages with ice
Avoid raw fruits and vegetables
(raw produce may have been washed with unclean
water)
Prevention
“avoid fruits and vegetables that you can’t peel,
especially lettuce_
Perhaps avoiding raw food entirely is safer
Choose hot foods
avoid food that stored at room temperature
Try to stick to steaming hot foods
avoid street vendor foods as those are more likely to
be contaminated
In hospitals, infected people are quarantined
Amy Kim
Prevention
Amy Kim
General Sanitization
disinfection
pure water
pure milk
proper sewage
fly prevention
pure food
"Typhoid Fever And Its Prevention In Town and Country"Virginia Health Bulletin vol. 3, #6,
June 1911
Vaccines
injection of a single dose
Treatment
Amy Kim
given orally over a period of days
(Neither is guaranteed and require constant vaccinations)
Chloramphenicol used the popular drug
•
-stopped due to rare serious side effects
Treatment
Treatment of antibiotics depend on geographical region
certain versions of the Salmonella bacteria from South Amerixa are resistance to some
antibiotics)
removal of the gallbladder, the site of chronic infection
Travel clinics
injectable forms (Typherix or Typhim Vi)
oral form (Vivotif)
Admittance to hospital and loss of fluids and salt
Amy Kim
•
•
2. “Are There Any Leaks In Your Dam? - Flickr 에서 사진 공유하기!.” 27 Oct 2008
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/vcutmlsca/727207634/>.
Bibliography
3. “BRN00030.jpg (JPEG Image, 288x216 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <https://www.epocrates.com/pillimages/BRN00030.jpg>.
Amy Kim
•
4. “Disease Listing, Typhoid Fever, General Information | CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases.” 27 Oct 2008
<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/TyphoidFever_g.htm#Where%20in%20the%20world%20do%20you%20get%20typ
hoid%20fever>.
•
5. “dirty-water.jpg (JPEG Image, 400x300 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <http://holamun2.com/files/images/attachments/2007/08/dirtywater.jpg>.
•
6. “Rose+spots+in+typhoid+fever.jpg (JPEG Image, 390x253 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008
<http://lh3.ggpht.com/_TI33FeLVrRM/R7mr9V4Ux1I/AAAAAAAAAGA/UMRnFGigAfc/Rose+spots+in+typhoid+fever.jpg>.
•
7. “tetanusvaccine-717442.jpg (JPEG Image, 300x180 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008
<http://www.healthline.com/blogs/outdoor_health/uploaded_images/tetanusvaccine-717442.jpg>.
•
8. “Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine on MedicineNet.com.” 27 Oct 2008
<http://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/page3.htm>.
•
9. “typhoid_feverI.gif (GIF Image, 328x232 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008
<http://www.spmsd.co.uk/upload/public/docImages/1/typhoid_feverI.gif>.