Download Chapter 5 Part 1 - Forensic Consultation

Chapter 5
Sexually Transmitted Infections and
Sexually Related Diseases (part 1 of 2)
STIs!
What are they and who gets them?
U.S. has highest STIs of any industrialized
country
Half of new infections are in 15 – 24 year olds
1 in 2 Americans will contract at least one STI in
their lifetime
Infected people may or may not be
promiscuous
Cause vs. Transmission
STD causes
• Bacteria
• Parasites
• Viruses
STD transmission
• Rarely transmitted to others except by
intimate, sexual contact
Personal Reflections
How would you feel if you found out you had a
sexually transmitted infection (or, if you have
been infected, how did you feel)?
Would you feel differently than you would if you
had contracted the flu? Why?
How would you tell your partners of their
possible infection?
Where did they come from?
Some STIs have existed for thousands of years.
STD infection and contagion to
others can occur without symptoms!
Gonorrhea: Incidence and Symptoms
Yearly incidence
Infection sites
Asymptomatic
percentages
Symptoms
Call it “the clap” or “the drip” but call a
doctor!
If left untreated, gonorrhea
can:
•
spread
• move to bloodstream and
joints
• cause pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID)
Diagnosis via urine test;
antibiotics prescribed
Chlamydia: Damage If Not Treated
Chlamydia and Nongonococcal Urethritis
Incidence and Symptoms
•
Yearly incidence
•
Infection sites
•
Symptoms
•
Consequences
If you think you’ve been exposed…
Syphilis: Incidence and Symptoms
The Highly Contagious First Stage
Chancre sore appears where the bacteria first entered the body,
usually on the penis, vulva, cervix, lips, tongue, or anus.
Secondary Stage Syphilis
• 4 to 6 weeks after chancre
disappears
• painless, itchless rash all
over body
Other Second Stage Symptoms
Large, oozing sores around genitals
Sore throat, low-grade fever, nausea, loss of
appetite, aches and pains, and hair loss
Allergic-like reaction
Eventual disappearance even without
treatment
Latent and Tertiary Stage Syphilis
Decreased contagion after year
Bacteria attacking internal organs (heart, blood
vessels, brain, spinal cord)
In tertiary stage about 1/3 experience more serious,
potentially fatal organ damage, large ulcers on skin
and bones, paralysis, deafness, insanity
Congenital Syphilis
•
Process
•
Complications
•
Treatment
Less Common Bacterial STIs
•
Chancroid
•
Granuloma inguinale
•
Shigellosis
Personal Reflections
How would you feel if your best friend told you
that he or she had and STI?
Or if your teenage son or daughter told you that
s/he had an STI?
Or if your partner told you that s/he had an STI
acquired from a previous relationship?
Herpes
•
Incidence
•
Genital Herpes
•
HSV-1 and HSV-2
•
Oral Herpes
Herpes: Transmission
Shared
eating/drinking
items with oral
herpes
Skin-to-skin
contact
Asymptomatic
virus shedders
“Autoinoculation”
Herpes:
Primary Attack (16 days)
Herpes outbreaks are painful!
Herpes:
Recurrent attacks
HSV lies dormant in nerve cell ganglia
 Recurrent attacks generally shorter and less
severe
 About 1/3 never have another attack
 About 1/3 have occasional attacks
 About 1/3 suffer regular, recurrent attacks
Herpes: Asymptomatic Infections
•
Mild symptoms not always recognized
•
Contagions still exists
•
Most herpes type 2 transmissions occur
during asymptomatic periods
Herpes: Serious Complications
Blindness
Cervical cancer
Herpes encephalitis
Increased risk of miscarriage, premature birth,
congenital malformations
Severe neonatal neurological problems and death
Herpes:
Treatment and Prevention
What education, information, and/or
advice have you been given about the
treatment and prevention of herpes?
The Personal Side of Herpes
•
Diagnosis often leads to emotional turmoil
•
Antivirals can be prescribed
•
American Social Health Association can
provide current information about research,
therapy and care
Personal Reflections
Many babies are born with sexually transmitted
infections as a result of their mothers being
infected during pregnancy.
Is having an STI an indication of immorality,
irresponsibility, both, or neither? Explain
your answer.
Hepatitis: Types A, B, and C
Overview
• Hepatitis is liver infection caused by viruses
•
Symptoms range from mild to severe
Hepatitis A
•
Infection rate
•
Spread
•
Prevention
Hepatitis B (“Serum Hepatitis”)
•
Transmission
•
Most commonly infected population
•
CDC recommended vaccination
Hepatitis C
•
Transmission
•
Chronic infection
•
Treatment
Genital Human Papillomavirus HPV
What is HPV?
How is it diagnosed?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
HPV: Genital Warts on Males
Warts may cause itching, irritation or bleeding.
In men, warts generally appear on penis, scrotum,
and/or anus, but they can also grow within urethra.
HPV: Genital Warts on Women
•
Women are more
likely than men to
develop visible
warts.
•
Warts can appear
on cervix and walls
of vagina, as well
as vulva and anus.
Treatments for HPV
•
Monitoring for signs of cervical cancer
•
Preventive outpatient surgery when needed
•
Removal of genital warts
•
Vaccine (Gardasil)
Personal Reflections
Have you ever engaged in sex with a new
partner while under the influence of alcohol?
If your answer is “yes,” did your use of alcohol
result in your engaging in unprotected sex?
If it did, what will you do in the future to prevent
this?
Molluscum Contagiosum
Painless dome-shaped growths
Caused by pox virus, spread by skin-toskin contact
Transmission usually sexual in adults
Can be removed by physician
Usually disappear within 6 – 9 months
Please continue to part 2