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IV. Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Topic. IV. 1. Wastewater Quality; General
Classification
Wastewater Quality Definition:
Wastewater is heterogenic mixture, containing impurities with various
chemical composition, origin and dispersion, defining its quality.
Wastewater Quality Parameters Classification:
I. According to the Impurities Nature
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Physical Parameters
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Dispersion
Dry residuals
Suspended solids
Color
Smell
Chemical Parameters
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Organic substances
Non-organic substances
Salts
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Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Dissolved gases
Ions
 Biological Parameters
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Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
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Wastewater Quality; General Classification
II. According to the Impurities
Dispersion
 Dissolved - d < 10-6 mm
 Colloidal - d = 10-6 - 10-4 mm
 Suspended - d > 10-4 mm
 Fine - d = 10-4 - 10-2 mm
 Coarse - d > 10-2 mm
III. According to the Impurities
Chemical Content
 Organic Substances - 60 %
 Mineral substances - 40 %
IV. According to Biological
Impurities Nature
 Bacteria
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Saprophytes
Pathogens
 Viruses
V. According to the Suspended
Solids Settling Ability by 2 h
 Norm - totally 65 g/d.ca
 Settling - 60 - 70 %
 Non-settling - 30 - 40 %
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Wastewater Quality; General Classification
Dissolved and Colloidal Substances
H 3 PO4  H 2 PO4 , HPO42 , PO43
I. Mineral substances
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Norm - 4,4 PO43/d.ca
 Chlorides - 9 g/d.ca
 Nitrogen - 8 - 12 g/d.ca
 Alkali substances
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Mg  , K  , Na  , NH 4 
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3
2
3
 HCO , CO , OH
 Phosphates
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NH 3  H 2 O  NH 4  OH 
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 Sulphates (toxic if > 200 mg/l)
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Organic
Mineral (orthophosphates)
Organic (proteins, aminoacids)
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Mineral ( NH 3 , NH 4 , NO2 , NO3 )
 Heavy metals ions
Ni  , Mn  , Cd  , Pb 2 ,
Cr 3 , Zn 2 , Fe 2 , Hg 2
 Radioactive elements
Measure - Kurie (Ku)
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1 Ku = MRAD, which realises 3,7  / s
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Wastewater Quality; General Classification
Dissolved and Colloidal Substances
II. Organic substances
 Fats - 10 %
 Carbohydrates - 25 - 50 %
 Proteins - 40 - 60 %
 Carbamide CO(NH 2 ) 2
 Detergents, Herbicides, Pesticides
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