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DISEASE OF POULTRY DR. NAGY EÖRSNÉ Central Veterinary Institute, Budapest Department of Poultry Pathology ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry flock must be examined by veterinarian. A certificate must be composed on the results of this inspection and the pre-life of the flock If the certificate is available – and it is negative – and it does not indicate the necessity of special measures, the ante mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse will include the identification of transported flock and control of injuries took place during transportation, furthermore the examination of dead birds. Based on these data and examinations the veterinarian decides whether the flock will be submitted to normal or special slaughter or further special examination. HUNGARIAN ZOO SANITARY CODE 41/1997.(V. 28.) FM. r. Notifiable Diseases O.I.E. list A – Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus) – Avian influenza (Orthomyxovirus) – Duck plaque (Herpesvirus) O.I.E. list B – Fowl cholera – Fowl typhoid In case of these diseases the flock is slaughtered separately – mostly at the end of the day- as it is not condemned Diseases of Poultry Zoonosis Paratyphoid (Salmonellosis, except typhoid) Campylobacteriosis Chlamydiosis Tuberculosis /Anthrax/ Inspection of the surface injuries (as consequences of transportation) inflammation of skin arthritis synovitis (infection of Staphylococcus aureus) Marek’s disease (skin form) Inspection of visceral organs and the body cavity Bacterial infections Salmonellosis (Fowl typhoid) Pasteurellosis (Fowl cholera) E. coli septicaemia Staphylococcosis Streptococcosis Septicaemia haemorrhages and/or fibrinous inflammation on seromembranes – pleuritis – pericarditis – air sacculitis liver, spleen conditions: – enlarged – friable (associated with subcapsular haemorrhages) lungs, intestines, genitals Paratyphoid (Salmonellosis) Zoonosis S. enteritidis S. typhimurium S. infantis S. hadar S. agona S. saint-paul S. bovis-morbificans …etc. Gram negative rods with filaments Sensitivity: 70° C 5 min fresh meat - 2-3 weeks frozen meat - years Pathology: septicaemia (enlarged spleen, liver, necrotic foci, enteritis (fibrinous inflammation in caecum! - water fowl! ) Total condemned for human consumption! Slaughterhouse hygenie, household hygenie (contamination!) Fowl typhoid Salmonella gallinarum/pullorum adapted to special host Gram negative rods without any filaments sensitive to 70°C 5 min in fresh meat for 2-4 month in frozen meat for years in water for 4-6 weeks Germinative transmission! Pathology: enlarged spleen liver within small necrotic foci white-grey (necrotic) nodules in myocardium in lungs in intestine fibrinous inflammation of seromembranes degenerated follicles on ovary, salpingitis arthritis Poultry meat is partial condemned for human consumption only the affected areas are condemned (mostly the parenchymal organs and intestines - in case of arthritis the legs are removed) Tuberculosis Zoonosis Mycobacterium avium Gram negative, Ziehl-Nelsen positive slim rods Main character: acid- and alcohol-fastness Sensitivity: (Pasteur) • • • 85°C - 1 sec 72-76°C - 14-45 sec 62-65°C - 30 min Domesticated birds: adult only wild- exotic birds (ZOO), ostrich Pathology: bad condition grey-yellow nodules of varying sizes in - diff. organs - intestines - bone marrow Condemned for human consumption Colibacillosis Gram negative rods septicaemia coligranulomatosis (intestine, mesenterium) CRD Partial condemned for human consumption Chronic Respiratory Disease Mycoplasmosis Mycoplasma gallisepticum Mycoplasma synoviae Mycoplasma meleagridis Mycoplasma iowae Mycoplasma anseris Mycoplasma cloacalae Mycoplasma anatum Ureaplasmas Pathogenicy varied, mostly fakultative pathogen ! In general Mycoplasmas are colonizing mucosal surfaces They are associated with bacteria and/or viruses (respiratory virus infection, E. coli, Ornithobacterium..) stress immunsuppression (viral diseases, mycotoxins..) Fowl cholera/Pasteurellosis Mainly in turkey, water fowl Pasteurella multocida acute form chronic form Gram negative coccoid-rods Sensitivity: 60°C 2 min Pathology: septicaemia arthritis salpingitis fibrinopurulent meningitis fibrinous inflammation of phallus Septicaemia - condemned Chronic form: partial condemned (except cachexia) Erysipelas Water fowl Erysipelothrix rhusiopatiae Gram positive rods sensitivity: mild septicaemia Diff. diagn.: Pasteurellosis (septicaemia) Partial condemned for human consumption Staphylococcosis Staphylococcus aureus Gram positive coccus Ubiquiter, pathogen if allowed entry through the skin or mucousal membranes Pathology:septicaemia – young birds arthritis, periarthritis synovitis, osteomyelitis - adult gangrenous dermatitis (wings, legs) in broilers Condemned or partial condemned Campylobacteriosis Zoonosis Campylobacter jejuni C. coli Microaerophyl, Gram negative, mild sensitivity It is an intestinal commercial in broiler breeders, layer-type breeders, turkey. Hepatitis (enteritis) in poultry Enteritis in human Slaughterhouse and household hygiene! Chlamydiosis (Ornithosis) Zoonosis Chlamydia psittaci Intracellular Pigeon, turkeys, ducks, gees, pheasant Inhaling dust from feces or feather Slaughterhose hygenie Anthrax Zoonosis It occurs rarely in birds where the disease is endemic. Chicken are highly resistant. Ducks have occasionally developed the disease Ostriches are moderately susceptible, often with high mortality. (Dis.of Poultry. Barnes)