Download Intro to Microbiology - UCO

Stress Test
The slower the pictures move, the better your ability of handling
stress. Alleged criminals that were tested see them spinning around
madly; however, senior citizens and small children see them
standing still. None of these images are animated - they are perfectly
static.
Intro to Microbiology
Microbiology 2314
Microbes in our Lives
1. Microorganisms are
Small
2. Assist in Maintaining an
Ecological Balance
3. Normal Microbiota Exist
in Organisms
4. Important in Food
Production
5. Important in Chemical
Production
6. Can Serve as Pathogens
Types of Microbiology / Bacteriology
Bacilli Bacteria
Shapes and Arrangements of
Bacteria
Mycology
Parasitology / Parasitic Protozoa
and Helminths
Hookworm and Whipworm Eggs
Amoeba
New Studies
• AIDS
• Action of Interferons
• Development of
Vaccines
• Healing Ability of
Phages
• EIDs
• Biological Terrorism
Renewed Interest since 9-11 in
combating Biological Bio-terrorism
New Techniques
• Molecular Biology
• Electron Microscopy
• Recombinant DNA
Technology
• Stem Cell Research
Diversity of Microbes / Bacteria
1. Unicellular
2. Prokaryotic
3. Shapes
4. Cell Wall of
Peptidoglycan
5. Binary Fission
6. Flagella
7. Varied Nutrition
Binary Fission of Bacillus
Gram - Bacilli and Gram + Cocci
Fungi
1. Mushrooms, Molds,
Yeasts
2. Eukaryotic
3. Usually Multicellular
with Yeasts being
Unicellular
4. Decomposers
5. Organic Absorption
Protozoa
1. Unicellular
2. Eukaryotic
3. Classified by Locomotion
4. Nutrition is by Absorption
and Ingestion
Paramecium
Amoeba
Algae
1. Unicellular or
Multicellular
2. Photosynthesis
3. Producers
Kelp Forrest
Kelp is a Type of Algae
Viruses
1. Noncellular
2. Parasites
3. Nucleic Acid
Core
4. Protein Coat
5. Envelope
6. Nonliving
Multicellular Parasites / Helminthes
Flatworms and Roundworms
Microbes and Human Welfare
Decomposition of Organic Matter
Bioremediation
of Toxic
Wastes
Biological Controls
In quarantine tests, potential biological pests are confined in
small cages containing test plants sprayed with different
microbiological control agents.
Biotechnology
The application of biological knowledge and techniques
to develop products
A potential product from guano microorganisms is an enzyme called
chitinase, a protein capable of converting the chitin exoskeleton of insects
and crustaceans to simpler sugars. This, in turn, may be used for alcohol
fuel production. Another potential use for chitinase producing
microorganisms is the biological control of insect and nematode pests.
Genetic Engineering / Gene Therapy
Using bacteria of genus
Clostridium to selectively
penetrate cancer tumors
and deliver gene therapy to
shrink an kill the tumors.
In gene therapy, viruses are
used to carry replacements
for defective or missing
genes into human cells
Chest Tumor
Microbes and Human Disease
•
•
•
•
Normal Microbiota or Flora
Pathogenicity and Susceptibility
Infectious Diseases Invade Hosts
EIDs are Increasing
Why Do We Study Microorganisms?
• We study microbiology because bacteria, viruses
and fungi are the leading cause of death in the
history of mankind.
• Bacteria, viruses and fungi have been responsible
for the downfall of governments, famine, and
death on an almost incalculable scale.
• It has only been in the last one hundred years that
we have finally begun to win the age old battle
with these small and deadly bugs.
Why Do We Study Microorganisms?
• Some Microorganisms Benefit Man:
- Many microorganisms are involved in the
production of food or are directly edible.
- The presence of bacteria (normal flora) in our
bodies inhibits the growth of potentially
pathogenic bacteria helping to keep us
healthy..
Why Do We Study Microorganisms?
• Some Microorganisms Benefit Man:
- Modern biotechnology is often associated
with the use of genetically altered
microorganisms such as E. coli or yeast for
the production of substances like synthetic
insulin or antibiotics.
- Biotechnological advances in agriculture also
require the help of microorganisms to form
Transgenic Plant with increased yield,
reduced vulnerability to environmental and
pathogenic stresses, and improved taste.
Why Do We Study Microorganisms?
• Some Microorganisms Benefit Man:
- Microbes are involved in cycling vital
elements such as carbon and nitrogen,
breaking down wastes and dead organisms
into simpler substances plants can use in
photosynthesis. Other species are at the base
of the food chain, especially in aquatic
ecosystems. Even pathogens have a role in
controlling the populations of their host
species. Microbes are even used to digest oil
from oil spills.