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The “Green Line” is referred to as a line in the Sahara desert where the desert ends and farm land begins. This is an image from space that shows the Nile “Green Line.” • Sahel: the “shore” or beltway is a semi-tropical region of semi-arid land that boarders the Sahara from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. Desertification, or when land that was once productive (farmland, grassland, shrub) becomes Desert is a major issue in the Sahel Zone. Deforestation, or loss of trees and plants, is one of the major causes of Desertification in the Sahel. Desertification: Causes Causes Desertification: Droughts, or long periods of little or no rainfall are more and more common in the Sahel. Droughts lead to Desertification and Deforestation. Droughts can also cause Famine, or periods of starvation, for the people in Africa. Lake Victoria Lake Tanganyika African Rivers Nile River: Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt • Longest river in the world • Used for transportation and irrigation • Most Egyptians live along its banks Niger River: Sahel, Nigeria • Transportation route • “Oil Delta” rich in petroleum • Silt enriches soil for farming Congo River: Democratic Republic of the Congo • Irrigation & fishing • Transportation to interior of Africa – Timber from rainforest – People use to search for work Niger River Nile River Congo River Nile River Niger River Congo River Water Maters Limited water in many parts of Africa • Growing population • Little clean water Pollution • Factories – Built to improve economy – Factory wastes flushed into streams and rivers • Human waste • Animal waste • Bacterial pollution – Hot climate makes it easy for bacteria and parasites to survive