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http://assets.natgeotv.com/Shows/10406.jpg In this unit, the summary is shown in blue, and the underlined words are vocabulary; the animation and video hyperlinks are shown in orange. Scientists classify the diverse number of organisms on the planet in order to learn and study from them into hierarchical groups. In this unit you will learn how scientists classify living things; the science of taxonomy. ◦ the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities Von Linne [AKA Carolus Linnaeus] was the Swedish biologist who in the mid1700’s developed the biological system of classification. ◦ 7 taxonomic levels [or taxa] ◦ kingdom to species http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/linne06d.jpg In Latin, nomenclatura = ◦ nomen "name"+ calare "to call" Scientists give each organism a name in classification which consists of two parts: ◦ genus + species [specific epithet]. ◦ Typically use Latin because it is universal [worldwide] and not widely spoken, therefore, the meaning is not likely to change. EX Tyrannosaurus rex translates to “tyrant lizard”+“king.” http://nerdywithchildren.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/trex-fossil.jpg http://hqwalls.org/t_rex_dinosaur_wallpaper-wallpapers.html Always in italics Genus name is written 1st, capitalized Species name is written 2nd, NOT capitalized EX scientific names ◦ Homo sapiens (modern man) ◦ Felis catus (common housecat) http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/panthera_pardus_classification.jpg 1. A Latin name eliminates confusion caused by regional name differences. ◦ EX crayfish, crawdad, mudbug are all common names for…. Cambarus bartoni http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/People/Grad_Students/hui fangq/food/HuifangCookings/edited/crawfish.jpg ◦ http://wdfw.wa.gov/wlm/game/cougar/graphics/cougar4.jpg ◦ Mountain lion, panther, cougar and puma are all common names for... ◦ Felis concolor http://s163.photobucket.com/user/LPH_2007/media/Super%20Macro/SuperMacro2-6.jpg.html ◦ Roly poly, pillbug, and wood louse are all common names for... ◦ Armadillidium vulgare 2. organizes large amounts of information 3. Classification also reveals evolutionary relationships between organisms http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Phylogenetic_Tree_of_Life.png http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/entomology/images/p4large.gif Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species When instructed, pick up a colored piece of paper at the front to create your mnemonic foldable. Each pod will need some scissors. http://www.whoi.edu/cms/images/tree_550_74474.jpg Domain is the most recently added 8th taxonomic level, which is even more inclusive than a kingdom. There are 3 domains shown above. ◦ Domains in the News Three domains of life: ◦ Archaea & Bacteria contain only prokaryotes. ◦ Eukarya contains all eukaryotes. 1. 2. 3. Basis of classification: Type of cell Number of cells Mode of nutrition http://culturingscience.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/3-domains-of-life.jpg Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Six kingdoms of life: 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Animals Plants Fungi Protists 2 Prokaryotic Kingdoms ◦ Archaebacteria ◦ Eukbacteria http://1.bp.blogspot.com/y_abocOeLKk/TpuITAAu8VI/AAAAAAAAHuw/SJdeqGFpZ8E/s1600/six+kingdoms+tree+of+li fe+.gif A species is a group of organisms that are very closely related and can breed fertile offspring. http://adapaonline.org/images/biobook_images/taxonomy_pyramid.gif http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/watercritter/images/keymap_ template.gif Taxonomists have dichotomous keys to help to identify organisms; a guide. A dichotomous key consists of several pairs of descriptive statements to help identify an unknown organism. Dichotomous key animation Phylogeny – evolutionary relationships among organisms Biologists now group organisms according to phylogeny (lines of evolutionary descent), not just physical characteristics. Derived characters – characteristics found in recent parts of a lineage through cladistics; used to construct cladograms. Cladograms show evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms. ◦ Caldogram animation Crab Barnacle Limpet CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE SIMILARITIES