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Kefir Kommunity S. Dellis What is the microbial community composition of kefir grains? J. Kidd M. Martin P. Worthington Is the community static? Variables: Normal Cultivation After Cultivation Shifts Geography Sources Kefir Grain Isolate LAB & Yeast Isolate DNA 16SrRNA/18SrRNA primers Abstract: Clone Library Is the community dynamic? Label LAB/Yeast with GFP Sample Tree Construction: Genbank search for “kefir” produced 75 “hits”, which were refined to select the six sequences identified as Lactobacillus kefiri. Five of these six were >220 bases in length and were subjected to a CLUSTALW alignment. The fermented Isolate LAB & probiotic milk beverage, kefir, Yeast from non-Kefir Transformation is made by grains consisting source of a consortium of microbes (including lactic acid bacteria Isolate DNA and yeasts) surrounded by an Sequencing exopolysaccharide matrix. The members of this consortium have not been fully characterized by culture-independent BLAST methodologies, nor has the population Locate GFP in Ribosomal Database Project dynamics of these kefir grains been Kefir grains determined. Using culture-independent methodology, we Phylogenies population structure is altered by propose to investigate the population changing culture conditions. In addition, we structure and possible dynamics of this propose to investigate if “non-kefir associated” lactic acid microbiological consortium under several bacteria can become incorporated into kefir grains during culture, conditions: from isolate to isolate locally, using GFP labeling to reveal “microgeographic” aspects of this process, if it occurs. from isolates at different geographical Finally, we will develop a “virtual meeting place” for investigators interested in this locations, and before and after changes in phenomenon: “Kamp Kefir.” This site will contain sequence data from experiments cultivation conditions (moving from milk to such as we describe carried out by as many investigators as have interest in this grape juice or sugar-water). This approach approach, as well as information about kefir and data pertaining to this interesting should reveal the level of population system. The resident data will serve as an excellent teaching tool for students, diversity among the residents of active particularly students interested in bioinformatics, metagenomics, and related fermenting grains, and how the technologies, at institutions that do not have active research programs.