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Download Lecture 5: Animal Nutrition II
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Animal Nutrition III (Ch. 41) Keywords • Ruminant digestion • Symbiosis – Definition – Algal-invertebrate – Chemoautotrophinvertebrate • Hydrothermal vent • H2S (sulfide) • chemoautotrophy Basic parts of alimentary canal Mechanical digestion mouth storage absorption anus Structure of cellulose Cecum • Allows breakdown of cellulose in herbivores • One opening and exit - lower oxygen, slower passage • Digested cellulose must be reintroduced to digestive system Ruminant digestion Ruminant 4 chambered stomach • Rumen and reticulum - where symbiotic bacteria and protists break down cellulose • Cow rechews food • Omasum - where water is absorbed • Abomasum - further digestion by cow’s enzymes Symbiosis Autotroph-invertebrate symbiosis • Symbionts are algae • Algae photosynthesize and provide molecules such as sugars to the host • Hydra, anemones, giant clams, corals Examples Chemoautotroph-invertebrate symbiosis • Symbionts are chemoautotrophic bacteria • Bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as an energy source and provide molecules such as sugars to host • Tubeworms, clams, mussels Where do we find these organisms? Life at a vent O2 H2S Respiratory surface of tubeworm H2S O2 Hb Oxygen and sulfide are transported to the bacteria Chemoautotrophy: Bacteria oxidize sulfide and use the energy for carbon fixation H2S + O2 SO4= ADP CO2 ATP carbohydrate Calvin-Benson Cycle
