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Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
Bellringer
What are the two kingdoms of bacteria?
What are three shapes of bacteria?
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Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
Objectives
• Describe the characteristics of prokaryotes.
• Explain how prokaryotes reproduce.
• Relate the characteristics of archaea.
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Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
Some Characteristics of Bacteria and
Archaea
• The domains Bacteria and Archaea consists of
single-celled organisms. These two domains consist
of the oldest forms of life on Earth.
• The Shape of Bacteria Bacilli are rod shaped.
Cocci are spherical. Spirilla are long and spiral
shaped. Each shape helps bacteria in a different
way.
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Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
Chapter menu
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
Some Characteristics of Bacteria and
Archaea, continued
• No Nucleus! All bacteria and archaea are singlecelled organisms that do not have a nucleus. An
organism that does not have a nucleus is called a
prokaryote.
• Prokaryote Reproduction Prokaryotes reproduce
by a process called binary fission, in which one
single-celled organism splits into two single-celled
organisms.
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
Chapter menu
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
Some Characteristics of Bacteria and
Archaea
• Endospores contain genetic material and proteins
and is covered by a thick, protective coat. Some
bacteria become inactive and form endospores in
poor environmental conditions.
• When conditions improve, the endospores break
open and the bacteria become active again.
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Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
The Domain Bacteria
• The domain Bacteria has more individuals than all
other domains combined do.
• Classification of Bacteria Bacteria are classified
by the way they get food. Most bacteria are
consumers.
• Cyanobacteria are producers. Cyanobacteria
usually live in water and contain the green pigment
chlorophyll.
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Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
The Domain Archaea
• The three main types of archaea are heat lovers,
salt lovers, and methane makers.
• Harsh Environments Archaea often live where
nothing else can. Most archaea prefer environments
where there is little or no oxygen.
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Chapter 10
Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea
Alternative reproduction
• Sometimes bacteria gain secondary circles of DNA
called plasmids.
• Plasmids usually code for just one gene.
• Bacteria can fuse together briefly and transfer
plasmids. This is called conjugation.
• This is one way bacteria pass on antibiotic
resistance.
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.