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REUSE–A–MUG Yellow B Lack of access to clean water or adequate water purifying devices is a major problem • 6,000 children die every day from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water and poor hygiene • 1.2 billion people in developing countries lack access to safe drinking water – No water available – Available water is unsafe to drink http://www.africanwellfund.org/ Boiling is the most common way of purifying water; this is a major waste of energy Energy Problem • It takes approximately 1,100 Btu to boil a gallon of water • Freshly cut “green” wood fuel has a maximum of 3,230 Btu/lb Example 30 million people drink 1 quart boiled water a day – 900 million lbs wood per year Market • Small villages, schools or communities which require approximately 50 gallons/day www.nickbuxton.info/ Source: (1) http://mb-soft.com/juca/print/311.html Hand powered UV lamp eliminates need for boiling water • • • Filter cleans most sediment and chemicals from water – Still deciding on filter type (demo) Hand crank powers UV lamp to kill viruses and bacteria – Need to have 16,000 µws/cm2 – Degrades DNA in virus and bacteria Valve restricts water flow unless UV light is powered – Required to ensure all water is UV exposed – Solenoid (demo) UV Lamp Filter Crank w/ motor Detachable transport pack attachment Calculations show we can purify water with 30 watts from UV light UV effectiveness depends on light intensity and exposure time Power intensity at R I p(r) Time water flows by light I(r) I p (r) * t W 2RL t 2 W LR WR Ý Ý 2RL m 2m Calculations: L v Rdistance: sqrt(z^2+r^2)=0.151 m H: .3m A: πR2=0.0706 m2 Q: 0.1 gal/min=1.05e-4 L/s W for 30 W rated UV light: 20W K for reflection: 1.4 Ip(r)= 7.00 × 10-5 W/cm2 T = 201.70 s Conclusion: I(r)=(7.00e-5*201.7)=14,500 µW*s/cm2 at farthest point from the UV lamp Iactual(r)=20,300 µW *s/cm2 Moving forward we need to focus on safety, design, and solidifying a contact Safety • Project will require independent water testing – Kits and laboratories available Design • Optimal cranking and water storage design Contact • D-lab may be available to work with • Contact: Susan Murcott – Working with MIT environmental engineering masters students – Would focus the project on Ghana Conclusion • Aquatron is feasible, low cost and is greatly needed in the third world countries. • The feature of hand-crank powered energy eliminate the need for other sources of energy for the third world countries. • The use of UV light to purify water is energy friendly and safe. • The Aquatron will reduce wood burning and improve quality of life More information about UV light UV works by degrading the DNA in viruses and bacteria to prevent reproduction • Uses 254 nm light to disrupt cell DNA • Can achieve 99.9% destruction of microorganisms • Does not affect water taste • Point disinfection • 16,000 µws/cm2 (2) Source: (1) http://www.aquatechnology.net/Ultraviolet_systems.html (2) http://www.dwc-water.com/technologien/uv-technologie/index.html More information about slow sand filtration Slow sand filtration may be a viable way for the aquatron to filter water • Carbon water filter requires large pressure difference – Gravity fed usually are hung to gain potential energy • Slow sand filtration – Simple and effective(1) Source: (1) http://www.oasisdesign.net/water/treatment/slowsandfilter.htm The Aquatron uses mechanical power to clean and purify drinking water • Purifies water – Filter – UV light UV Lamp Filter • Durable • Replaceable parts – UV light easily • Eliminate wood burning – Mechanical power • Movable Crank w/ motor Detachable transport pack attachment Our device is larger and more energy conscious then other devices Other Devices Aquatron • Battery powered • Hand crank • Personal use • Used by villages or schools • Uses only filtering • UV light and filters used