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Chapter 19
Noncommunicable
Diseases
Lesson 2
Cancer
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 cancer
A disease characterized by the rapid and
uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
 tumor
A mass of abnormal cells
 benign
Not cancerous
 malignant
Cancerous
 risk
factors
Characteristics or behaviors that increase the
likelihood of developing a medical disorder or disease
 carcinogens Substances that cause cancer
 biopsy
The removal of a sample of tissue from a person for
examination
 radiation
therapy
A treatment that uses X-rays or other forms of
radiation to kill cancer cells
 chemotherapy
The use of powerful medicines to destroy cancer
cells
 remission
When cancer signs and symptoms disappear
 recurrence
The return of cancer after a remission
In this lesson, you will learn to
 identify common types of cancer.
 recognize some causes of cancer.
 explain ways that cancer can be treated.
 describe how to reduce the risk of developing cancer.
Organizing Information
Create a chart that shows
the different types and
treatments of cancers.
Cancer Type
Treatment
What Is Cancer?
Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the
United States.
cancer A disease characterized by the rapid and
uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
What Is Cancer?
When abnormal cells survive the body’s immune
system, they divide and may form a tumor.
tumor A mass of abnormal cells
What Is Cancer?
Tumors can be benign or malignant.
benign Not cancerous
malignant Cancerous
Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of
the body.
Types of Cancer
Skin
Cancer
Breast
Cancer
Colon and
Rectal Cancer
Reproductive
Organ Cancer
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Lung
Cancer
Risk Factors and Causes of Cancer
Heredity, age, lifestyle choices, and environmental
factors are some of the risk factors that can
increase a person’s risk of cancer.
risk factors Characteristics or behaviors that increase the likelihood
of developing a medical disorder or disease
Risk Factors and Causes of Cancer
Some types of cancer are caused by exposure to
carcinogens.
carcinogens Substances that cause cancer
Examples of Carcinogens
Asbestos
Chemicals in
Tobacco
Ultraviolet
Light
Diagnosing Cancer
If a suspicious lump or formation is discovered
beneath the skin, a biopsy is usually done on the
tissue.
biopsy The removal of a sample of tissue from a
person for examination
X-rays and scanning equipment may be used to
detect abnormal cell formations.
Diagnosing Cancer
The
Warning
Signs of
Cancer
C
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A
A sore that does not heal
U
Unusual bleeding or discharge
T
Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
I
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O
Obvious change in mole or wart
N
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Diagnosing Cancer
The ABCDs of Melanoma
A
Asymmetry
One half doesn’t match the other half.
B
Border
The border is irregular—edges are ragged or blurred.
C
Color
The color is not uniform and may contain shades of brown or
black and possibly patches of red, white, or blue.
D
Diameter
The diameter is larger than the size of a pencil eraser (6mm) or
is getting bigger.
Treating Cancer
The most common cancer treatments are:
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
radiation therapy A treatment that uses X-rays or other forms of
radiation to kill cancer cells
chemotherapy The use of powerful medicines to destroy cancer cells
Treating Cancer
When cancer treatment is successful, cancer is in
remission.
remission When cancer signs and symptoms disappear
Treating Cancer
Cancer that is in remission is sometimes in danger
of a recurrence.
recurrence The return of cancer after a remission
Reducing the Risk of Cancer
Avoid tobacco
and alcohol.
Limit sun
exposure.
Tips for Reducing
the Risk of Cancer
Be physically
active.
Perform selfexaminations.
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Vocabulary Define cancer.
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Identify What are four common types of cancer?
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Describe Describe ways that cancer can be treated.
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Give Examples What are three ways to reduce the risk
of cancer?
Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Synthesize Why is it important to diagnose cancer as
early as possible?
Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Why do people with outdoor jobs have a higher
risk of skin cancer than people who work indoors?
End of
Chapter 19
Noncommunicable
Diseases
Lesson 2
Cancer
Click for:
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