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Smoking
Smoking……
Tobacco has been known and
used for centuries:
• It can be snuffed;
• It can be chewed;
• It can be placed between
gum& lips; or
• It can be smoked.
Smoking……
The most popular
method of tobacco use
is smoking→ cigarettes
became popular in the
early 1900s-before this
time tobacco was
usually chewed or
smoked in pipes.
Annual Deaths Attributable to
Smoking in the United States
Tobacco Products
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Cigarettes
Cigars – contains 23 poisons, 43
carcinogens
Bidis – small hand-rolled, flavored
cigarettes, contain 3 times more CO
and nicotine, and 5 times more tar
than cigarettes
Smokeless tobacco
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Chewing tobacco
Snuff
Effects of tobacco
smoking:
The primary drug in
tobacco is nicotine.
•
There is 1-2 mg nicotine in
one cigarette and 90% of this
amount being absorbed when
inhaled.
Tobacco And Its Effects
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Smoke contains 4,700 chemical
substances
Nicotine – chemical stimulant
nicotine impairs the cleansing
function of cilia
Tar – condensed particulate matter
from smoke that accumulates in the
lungs
Phenols – chemical irritant in smoke
that may combine with other
chemicals to contribute to the
development of lung cancer
Carbon monoxide – tobacco smoke
contains 800 times the level
considered safe by the U.S.E.P.A
Physiological Effects Of Nicotine

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Nicotine is a powerful central
nervous system stimulant
Nicotine
increases
heart
and
respiratory rates, constricts blood
vessels, and raises blood pressure
Nicotine decreases blood sugar
levels and increase hunger
Nicotine poisoning symptoms:

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Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Rapid pulse
Nausea
Health Hazards Of Smoking
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Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
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Stroke
Respiratory disorders
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Platelet adhesiveness
Hypertension
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Sexual dysfunction
Gum disease
Smoking increases the risk of the cancer in the following
organs:
1-Larynx cancer:

2-Oesophageal Cancer: 
3-Oral Cancer:

4-Stomach Cancer: 
5-Liver Cancer: 
6-Pancreas Cancer: 
7-Colorectal Cancer: 
8-Kidney Cancer: 
9-Blood Cancer: 
Chronic Horseness&Laryngeal Polyps:
Persistant horse voice&Vocal cord polyps
Gum,Dental and Mouth Disease:
periodontal disease&poor mouth hygiene
Stroke:
Atherosclerosis&throbus formation
How Cigarette Smoking Damages
the Lungs
1-Miscarriage 2-Pre-mature Delivery 
3-Stillbirth
4-Low Birth Weight 5-SIDS

The nicotine,carbon monoxide&other harmful 
chemicals enters her blood stream, pass
directly into the baby’s body &prevent the baby
from getting essential nutrients&Oxygen for
growth
If the mother smokes, the baby is exposed to the 
nicotine and other smoke poisons from her breast
milk. Nicotine could cause numerous unwanted
symptoms in the baby (such as restlessness, a rapid
heartbeat, vomiting, or diarrhea).
*Smoking affects Oral Contraceptives: 
Women who are smoking&using oral 
contraceptives are ten times more at risk of
Heart attack&Stroke compared to those who
are smoking but not taking contraceptives
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
(ETS)
 Mainstream – smoke drawn
through tobacco while inhaling
 Side stream – smoke from the
burning end of a cigarette or
exhaled by a smoker
 Involuntary or passive smokers
– breath smoke from someone
else’s smoking product
 9
out
10
nonsmoking
Americans are exposed to ETS
Risks From ETS
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Sidestream smoke contains
more carcinogenic substances
Sidestream smoke has 2 times
more tar and nicotine, 5 times
more carbon monoxide, 50
times more ammonia
ETS is responsible for 3,000
lung cancer deaths, 35,000 CVD
deaths, 13,000 deaths from
other cancers
Protecting Yourself and Others
from Secondhand Smoke
Criteria for Nicotine dependency:
 Tolerance
 Withdrawal symptoms when use
discontinued
 Used in greater amounts over
longer period of time than
intended
 A
persistent
desire
or
unsuccessful efforts to cut down
or quit
 A great deal of time spent using
the substance
Criteria for Nicotine
dependency:

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Giving up important social,
occupational, or recreational
activities because of use of the
substance
Continued
use
despite
knowledge
of
medical
problems related to use and/or
social&
legal
problems
resulting from use.
Withdrawal of nicotine
It refers to the cessation of
nicotine use by an individual in
whom
dependence
is
established.
 When the use of products
containing nicotine is stopped
abruptly, within 24 hours the
user will likely experience
maximal
physical
and/or
psychological
withdrawal
symptoms.
Criteria for Nicotine
withdrawal syndrome
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Dysphoric or depressed mood
Insomnia
Irritability, frustration, and anger
Anxiety
Difficulty concentrating
Restlessness
Decreased heart rate
Increased appetite or weight gain
Cravings for tobacco
Criteria for Nicotine
withdrawal syndrome
A-Duration
 Most symptoms diminish over
a few weeks.
 Relapse is common within 1
week when the withdrawal
symptoms are at peak.
 Cravings
for
tobacco,
increased appetite, and weight
gain may persist for months
or years.
Quitting

Nicotine replacement products
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Nicotine gum
Nicotine patch
Nasal spray
Nicotine inhaler
Recommended Therapies for
Smoking Cessation
Benefits Of Quitting
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Many tissues damaged by
smoking can repair themselves
in the absence of smoke
Airways are cleared of mucous
Circulation improves
Senses of taste and smell are
restored
At the end of 10 smoke-free
years, the ex-smoker can expect
to live a normal life span