Download Cellular Reproduction

Cellular
Reproduction
IPMAT
Mitosis
• A process of cell division which results in the
production of two daughter cells. Can be
divided into 4 stages:
1) prophase: chromatin condenses into
chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears.
2) metaphase: chromosomes align at the
equatorial plate.
3) anaphase: sister chromatids separate,
centromeres divide.
4) telophase: chromatin expands, cytoplasm
divides.
Meiosis
• When your sex cells are produced (egg &
sperm).
• 1 parent cell produces 4 daughter cells.
• There are two divisions
– Interphase-before meiosis begins,
genetic material is duplicated.
– FIRST DIVISION: Prophase I,
Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
– SECOND DIVISION: Prophase II,
Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
Cancer
• It’s a class of diseases or disorders
characterized by uncontrolled division of
cells and the ability of these cells to invade
other tissues, either by direct growth into
adjacent tissue through invasion or by
implantation into distant sites
Benign tumor
• A growth made up of normal cells that
have no signs of cancer.
• It’s basically a tumor that doesn't come
back and doesn't spread to other parts
of the body.
• Benign tumors tend to grow more slowly
than malignant tumors and are less likely
to cause health problems.
Such a tumor is
not harmful
unless its growth
compresses
surrounding
tissue,
preventing the
tissue from
functioning
normally.
Malignant Tumor
• A growth that has the ability to grow back
or spread.
• Malignant tumors are ambitious. Unlike benign
tumors that generally stay put, malignant tumors
have two goals in life: to survive and to
conquer new territory.
So, if you have a malignant tumor in your colon,
it's going to try to work its way through your
colon. If successful, it will see where else it can
go.
Recap:
• Tumors are either benign or malignant.
Benign tumors generally do not spread to
other parts of the body. Malignant tumors
can invade and damage nearby tissues
and organs, as well as spread to other
body parts. When this occurs it is called
metastasis.
Metastasis
• The spread of cancer from one part of the
body to another. The spreading of
malignant tumors.
Causes
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Tobacco (personal lifestyle)
Sunlight (environmental)
asbestos
genetic makeup
Treatments
• Chemotherapy: It’s a general term for any
treatment involving the use of chemical
agents to stop cancer cells from growing.
Chemotherapy can eliminate cancer cells
at sites great distances from the original
cancer. As a result, chemotherapy is
considered a systemic treatment.
Side effects
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Feeling sick
Tiredness
Diarrhea
Reduced resistance to infection
Sore mouth
Hair loss
Soreness of hands and feet
Numbness or tingling
• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy is the use of
controlled high-energy external or internal
radiation used to destroy cancer cells so
they can no longer continue to divide or
multiply.
Side effects
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Hair loss
Fatigue
Low blood count
Skin effects
Mucus membranes
Scaring
Nausea
• Nutrition Therapy: nutrition plays an
important role in the treatment of cancer.
Each patient receives a nutrition
assessment and an individualized plan
designed to prevent malnutrition, reduce
side effects and enhance his or her overall
well being.
• A registered dietitian consults with you to
develop an individualized meal plan.
Selections include fish, poultry, legumes,
low-fat yogurt, fruits and vegetables, whole
grains and cereals, and other healthy food
choices.