Download Broken down to 3 types

Cancer

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of
abnormal cells in the body
 Cancer occurs when the cells divide too
rapidly.
 Also when cells “forget” to die
Location

Almost any organ or tissue such as:
 Lungs, Colon, Breast, Bones, or Nerve
tissue
Causes

Radiation, Sunlight, Tobacco, Certain
Viruses, Benzene, and Certain poisonous
mushrooms
 Many causes today still remain unknown
What is Breast Cancer?

Malignant cells found in breast tissue
 Found in women and rare cases of men
 Most common cancer in women
 Second leading cause of cancer death in
women
 Leading cause of death in women ages 4055
Most common types

Most common form is duct breast cancer
 Lobular
 Inflammatory breast cancer
Causes

The cause of breast
cancer is unknown

Hereditary 5% to 10%
Risk Factors

The risk increases with age
 Menstruate at early age
 Late menopause
 Not giving birth
 Abnormal cells in breast
Symptoms in women

Breast lump
 Lump in armpit
 Change in size, shape,
or feel of nipple
 Fluid seepage from
nipple

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Bone pain
Breast pain
Skin ulcers
Swelling of one arm
Weight loss
Symptoms in Men

Breast lump
 Breast pain and tenderness
Test

physical exam
 Mammogram
 breast MRI

breast ultrasound
 breast biopsy
Treatment

Based upon type and stage of cancer
 Sensitive to certain hormones
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation
Surgery Treatment

Lumpectomy
 Mastectomy
Prevention

Healthy diet and Early detection
 Clinical breast exam
 Mammograms
 Women ages 20-39 doctor exam every 3
years
 All women over the age of 40 yearly exam
Breast self exam

once a month before your period
A Self Exam



Breast cancer x-ray
Lung Cancer

2 Types of lung cancer





Small cell
Broken down to 3
types
1. Small cell
carcinoma
2. Mixed small cell
carcinoma
3. Combined small
cell carcinoma

non-small cell lung
cancer
Causes

Smoking
 Second hand smoke
Location and Spreading of cancer

Small cell starts in air tubes
 Rapidly spreads
 Grow quickly and create tumors
 Can spread to brain, liver, and bones.
Symptoms

Cough
 Bloody sputum
 shortness of breath
 wheezing

chest pain
 swallowing difficulty
 Hoarseness or
changing of voice
 facial swelling
Test

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Physical exam
Medical history and how long you have smoked
Listen to chest
Chest x-ray
Sputum test
MRI
Biopsy
Treatment

Chemotherapy
 Radiation
 Surgery- for limited small cell only with
one tumor
Prevention

Stop Smoking!!
 Try to avoid second hand smoke
Ovarian Cancer

Cancer of the reproductive organs in a
woman
Causes, incidence

1 in 67 chance of developing ovarian cancer
 5th most common cancer in women
 Cause is unknown
Risk factors

Lower risk if having more children early
 Older women have high risk
 Carrying the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2
 Use of fertility drugs
Symptoms:

Sense of pelvic
heaviness
 Lower abdominal
discomfort
 Vaginal bleeding

Abnormal periods
 Nausea and vomiting
 Increased urinary
frequency
 Excessive hair growth
Test

Physical exam
 CBC
 blood chemistry
 ultrasound
 abdominal CT scan or MRI of abdomen
Treatment

Surgery
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation
Prevention

Regular pelvic examinations
 Screening test
Uterus Cancer

Also know as endometrail cancer and
uterine cancer
Causes

Unknown
 Increased amounts of estrogen
Risk factors

History of endometrail polyps
 benign growths on uterine lining
 Estrogen replacement therapy
 Diabetes
 Never being pregnant/ infertility
 Starting menstruation early
 Staring menopause after age 50
Test

Pap smear
 Endometrail biopsy
 If cancer is found further testing is done to
determine cancer stage
Treatment

Surgery
 Radiation
 Chemotherapy
 Hysterectomy
 Abdominal hysterectomy
Prevention

Pelvic exams
 Pap smears
 Precautions taking estrogen replacement
therapy
Cervical Cancer

Cancer that starts in the cervix
 1 in 3 women will develop cervical cancer
Causes

Cancer in the cells on the surface of the
cervix
 2 types of cells: squamous and columnar
Squamous

Most cancer is from squamous cells
 Development is very slow
 Starts as pre-cancerous
HPV

Almost all cervical cancers of caused by
HPV
 HPV is spread through sexual intercourse
Risk factors

Having sex at early age
 Multiple sex partners
 Long-term use of birth control
Symptoms

Vaginal discharge
 Abnormal vaginal bleeding
 Pelvic pain
 Back pain
 Single swollen leg
 Leaking of urine or feces from the vagina
Test

Colostomy
 Pap smears
Treatment

Proper treatment depends on stage of
cancer, health of woman, and desire to have
children
 Early cervical cancer treated with removing
cells
 Advanced: LEEP(Loop Electrosurgical
Procdure)
Treatment

Cryotherapy
 Laser therapy
 Hysterectomy
 Radical Hysterectomy
Prevention

Vaccine Gardasil
 Practicing safe sex
 Getting regular pap smears
 Quit smoking
Skin Cancer

If you have sun exposure, moles, or a
family history of skin cancer you are at risk
 Everyone is at some risk for Melanoma!
Sun exposure

UVA and UVB rays induce skin cancer
including melanoma
 Blistering sunburns in early childhood
 Tanning beds
Location

People who live in places with more
sunlight are at a much higher risk of
developing skin cancer
 Ex. Florida, Hawaii, and Australia
Family history

1 in every 10 patients diagnosed with skin
cancer has a family history of some type of
skin cancer
 Once you have melanoma your chances of
getting it again are high
Prevention

Limit your sun exposure
 Sun screens
 Don’t use tanning beds!!!
Melanoma Pictures
Melanoma Pictures
Melanoma pictures
Melanoma pictures
Moles

Basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell
carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma

Most common form of skin cancer
 1 million new cases each year in the US
Cause

The sun
Location

Basal cells line the deepest part of the
epidermis
 Malignant growths (tumors) that arise in
this layer
 Found on the face, ears, scalp, shoulders,
and back
Test

Biopsy
Treatment

Removal of the cells
 Leaves scars but is not life threatening
Warning signs

Asymmetry

Border
Warning signs

Color

Diameter
Basal Cell Pictures
Basal Cell Pictures
Basal Cell Pictures
Basal Cell Pictures
Basal Cell Pictures
Basal Cell Pictures
Squamous Cell

Second most common form of skin cancer
 250,000 new cases a year in the US
Location

Found in the upper layer of skin
 Sun exposed body parts
 Rim of the ear and lower lip
 Skin that has injury
Cause

Sun exposure
 Weakened immune systems
What to look for
What to look for
What to look for
What to look for
What to look for
What to look for
What to look for