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Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
WARNING!
The following picture is from a medical
school lecture that shows the actual
female reproductive organs in a cadaver.
Although it is just a close up of the
uterus and ovary, some people may wish
not to look.
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Introducing – the egg (ovum)!
• Is 100um in diameter.
•Can only live for 1 day if not fertilized.
•Has about 140,000 mitochondria in
cytoplasm.
•Each ovary has 300,000 – 400,000 eggforming structures (follicles).
• One egg is released each month from
puberty to menopause (~ 400 in entire
lifetime).
• Egg is covered with specialized outer
coating that can be penetrated by
sperm of the same species only.
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Female Anatomy – Points of Interest
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
1. Hymen
2. Ectopic
Pregnancy
3. “Tubes tied”
4. Questions?
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear, & HPV Vaccine
•Cervical cancer – growth of
cells on the cervix.
• This cancer is often gradual,
normal cells become
precancerous and sometimes
become cancerous.
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Pap Smear
Dr. George Papanicolaou discovered that studying cell
samples from the cervix could quickly and easily
diagnose abnormal cells and/or cervical cancer
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear, & HPV Vaccine
•HPV virus:
•Causes 90% of genital warts
•Causes 70% of cervical cancers
• Gardasil is vaccine that protects
against diseases caused by HPV.
• Recommended that young girls
become vaccinated before becoming
sexually active to prevent HPV
infections and reduce risk of cervical
cancer.
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Female Circumcision
Female circumcision is done in parts of Africa, Asia and
South America. It is not considered illegal, based on
religious beliefs and has no medical value.
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Female Circumcision can range in severity:
•Some cultures remove just the hood that covers the
clitoris.
•Other cultures remove all of the clitoris as well as the
adjoining parts of the labia majora.
•In some cases, entire external genitalia is removed and
the remaining opening is stitched up leaving a very small
opening.
• Childbirth and sex become extremely
painful and the women often die
from complications.
Unit 2:
Reproduction & Development
Male Circumcision
Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin. No
medical evidence exists to justify this practice,
however it is very common. The foreskin does serve
a purpose, it delivers secretions that lubricate and
help destroy invading bacteria. It also provides
protection. Circumcision does offer some benefits;
such as it is easier to keep the area clean, reducing
the risk of infection. It also seems to offer some
protection against STI’s.