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Effects of SMOKING
Group members:
Chloe Hui (8)
Stephanie Poon (24)
Janna Shiu (25)
Rachel Tai (27)
Tiffany Tsah (29)
Diana Wan (33)
Introduction
SMOKE
• What are the harmful substances in cigarette smoke?
It contains almost 4000 different chemical substances.
Potential Hazards of Smoking
- Pneumonia
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
• Osteoporosis is defined as a specific bone
disorder that leads to the weakening and
increased fragility of bones.
Osteoporosis
• With an increase in the number of
cigarettes consumption, his risk of
suffering from bone fractures in old age
also increases.
Osteoporosis
• In addition, smokers are found to be
less physically active and generally
thinner. Smoking is considered as one
of the risk factors of Osteoporosis.
Heart Attack
• Smoking, is one of the main risk factors for
having a heart attack.
• Smoking accelerates the process of
atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries),
which can lead to a heart attack.
• Smoking can also increase the risk of blood
clots, which can block arteries
• Atherosclerosis is a condition where
arteries become hardened and clogged
• Clogged arteries can keep the heart
from getting enough blood and oxygen
and can cause chest pain.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRK7DCDKEA
• Cigarette smoking speeds up the process of
atherosclerosis by damaging the cells lining
the blood vessels and heart.
•Cigarette smoking can increase
your risk of dangerous blood
clots, both because of the
atherosclerosis and also
because smoking causes blood
platelets to clump together.
• No matter how long you've been smoking,
quitting will reduce your chances of having
a heart attack.
• Even among people with heart disease, the
risk also drops sharply one year after
quitting smoking, and it continues to
decline over time, but the risk does not
return to normal.
Pneumonia
What is pneumonia?
~A serious infection of the
lung tissue by one of many
different micro-organisms
causing an inflammation in
the lungs.
- The infection causes the air
sacs (alveoli) and smaller airways
in your lungs to become inflamed
and fill with fluid.
- You can’t get enough oxygen
from the air into your blood.
Pneumonia can be caused by:
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
-Chemical exposure
- Parasites
Pneumonia is defined by its location:
Lobar pneumonia
- inflammation affects a
section, lobe part of a
lung
Bronchopneumonia
- The term double
pneumonia means both
lungs are affected.
- a patchy infection
occurring throughout
the lungs.
How is smoking related to
Pneumonia?
Symptoms of pneumonia
COUGH
which is usually dry at
first, later with
phlegm.
PHLEGM is often
green-yellow in colour
or rust-coloured. It is
smelly. The cough
worsens over time.
Other than coughing….
~ Fever
~ Pain in your chest
~ Night sweats
~ Confusion
~ Breathlessness or faster
breathing
~Severe shaking and chills.
~Severe chest pain or tightness in the
chest.
~Loss of appetite.
~Tiredness and fatigue
~General muscle aches.
Cancers
Smoking & Cancers
• Tar
causes lung cancer
irritates the trachea, makes it narrower.
• In the trachea and bronchi of a smoker,
cilia are destroyed by the chemicals in
cigarette smoke
==>mucus is not swept away from the
lungs, but remains to clog the air
passages.
Lungs Cancer
carbon monoxide (inside cigarette smoke)
lowers the amount of oxygen in blood.
Carbon dioxide combine with the
hemoglobin
the blood carries much less oxygen
round the body
Smoking & Cancers
Smoking
• affects the function of the
immune system
• increase the risk for respiratory,
infections
Smoking & Cancers
• Cigarette smoking alone is directly responsible
for approximately 30% of all cancer deaths
annually in the United States.
• Cigarette smoking also contributes to lung
disease, heart disease, stroke, and the
development of low birth weight babies.
• Cigarette
smoking, cigar
smoking and
passive smoking
can all
contribute to
both non-small
cell lung cancer
and small cell
lung cancer.
Smoking is responsible
for most cancers:
• Larynx
• Oral cavity
• Lip
• Tongue
• Esophagus
• Mouth
• Bladder
• Throat
• Lung
• Emphysema
Highly associated with the
development of and deaths from:
• Liver cancer
• kidney cancer
• Stomach cancer
• Cancer of the nasal cavities
• Pancreatic cancer
• Cervical cancer
Staging Lung Cancer
• Cancer spread to
other parts of the
body
For Example:
Lung Cancer
• often spreads to the
brain or bones
Ways to Prevent Lung Cancer
1. Quit smoking NOW
• Quitting smoking is the BEST
defense against cancers.
2. Keep away from passive
smoking
• Reduce the chance of breathing in
the smoke from cigarette smokers
• Reduce the risk of getting lung
cancer and heart disease
3. Eat more fruits and veggies
• repair damaged cells
The End