Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Internet for beginners Workshop presented to library assistants in Worcester, Western Cape, 6 & 7 July, 2011 Sandy Zinn [email protected] 1 Workshop outline Background to Internet & WWW Web browsers How to navigate a web page How to read a URL Email for beginners Setting up a web-based email account Netiquette Search engines How to use Google effectively Sandy Zinn [email protected] 2 What is the Internet Internet is a global network of networks The Internet is a collection of computers and telecommunications hardware linking those computers together. It is the highway that the applications use to transfer the data. The Internet is intangible, more a concept. Nobody owns the Internet. People and institutions may own computers and web sites but nobody regulates the Internet. People connect to the Internet to access its vast store of shared information The Internet is an inherently participative medium. Anybody can publish information or create a new service. Sandy Zinn [email protected] 3 Brief history Research that led to the Internet as we know it was funded by DARPA, the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency in the USA. It was envisaged as a communications system to be used in a national emergency. The first Internet went "live" in 1969 with two sites, UCLA and SRI (Stanford Research Institute). The Internet originated as the realm of the military, research centres, universities and government who identified its data transporting capabilities as significant. In the 1980s the use of computers became more widespread. In 1989, Compuserve (now run by America Online) and MCI Mail provided the first commercial email connections to the Internet. Sandy Zinn [email protected] 4 The Broadband Revolution is upon us! African undersea cables as at 28 September 2010 http://manypossibilities.net/africanundersea-cables/ Sandy Zinn [email protected] 5 Sandy Zinn [email protected] 6 Sandy Zinn [email protected] 7 Internet penetration in Africa (Jun 2010) Country Nigeria Egypt Morocco Percentage 39.6% 15.4% 9.4% South Africa Algeria Kenya Tunisia 4.8% 4.3% 3.6% 3.2% Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm Sandy Zinn [email protected] 8 Internet in Africa (March 31, 2011) Country Nigeria Egypt Morocco % 44% 20.1% 13.2% % Change +4.4 +4.7 +3.8 Population % 29% 25% 42% S. Africa Algeria Sudan Kenya 6.8% 4.7% 4.2% 4.0% +2 +.4 +1 +.4 14% 14% 10% 10% Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm Sandy Zinn [email protected] 9 Sandy Zinn [email protected] 10 More Internet Statistics S. Africa now has 6,800,000 Internet users out of a population of 49 million = 13.9% Sandy Zinn [email protected] 11 How to connect to the Internet Computer Connection -Phone Line, ADSL, Wireless, Satellite Modem Network Software -TCP/IP Application Software - Web Browser, Email Internet Service Provider (ISP) Sandy Zinn [email protected] 12 Tools & services on the Internet Email & IM (e.g. Google chat) Join Listservs or Discussion groups WWW Blogs File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – download free software such as Adobe Reader to access pdf Sandy Zinn [email protected] 13 Sandy Zinn [email protected] 14 The Web is a sub-section of the Internet, but it is the fastest growing part of it. The Web is a large number of computer documents or "Web pages" that are stored on computers around the world and are connected to one another using hyperlinks. These Web pages can be seen by anyone through their computer's "Web Browser,“ Originator of the Web is Tim Berners-Lee (1991) Web pages are written in coded language such as html making it possible to add pictures, sound & interactivity to plain text Sandy Zinn [email protected] 15 What you can do on the Web Online shopping Submit your tax return to SARS Find Government info – Cape Librarian Read e-books Entertainment – Cinema news Webcams Library catalogues Sandy Zinn [email protected] 16 Sandy Zinn [email protected] 17 How to navigate a web page A B C D E Sandy Zinn [email protected] 18 How to read a URL http://www.ala.org/ala/onlinelearning/index.cfm http:// - (hypertext transfer protocol) indicates that this is a web page www - indicates that this a web resource ala.org – (American Library Association) is the domain name (unique address) of the machine on which the file is found, the host system online learning - is the directory indicating the location of the resource on the system The file name “index.cfm” is the actual document name or specific page you require Sandy Zinn [email protected] 19 Can you read this URL? http://www.ipl.org/div/kidspace/ Sandy Zinn [email protected] 20 Domain name extensions – guess what they mean .edu .org .ac .com co.za .nl .net Sandy Zinn [email protected] 21 A few ways to access websites Enter a Web address into your browser and retrieve a page directly Browse through sites and select links to move from one page to another both within and beyond the site Do a search on a search engine such as Google to retrieve pages on any topic Click on links within e-mail messages Sandy Zinn [email protected] 22 Hyperlinks Hyperlinking is a way of moving between website pages The text to be hyperlinked is recognizable by being underlined or a different colour Images or a combination of text + image can also perform hyperlinks Sandy Zinn [email protected] 23 Web browsers Browsers are programs used to explore the Internet Name Image Internet Explorer Firefox Safari Opera Sandy Zinn [email protected] 24 Email for beginners Sandy Zinn [email protected] 25 What is email? Electronic mail or e-mail is one of the most popular uses of the Internet. With an e-mail account you can send an electronic message (much like a letter) to anyone with an e-mail account but you need to know their e-mail address. An e-mail address looks like this: it is your username, then an @ ('at') symbol, and then a domain name (something .com, .net, or .org in most cases). E.g. [email protected] Sandy Zinn [email protected] 26 Setting up a account Type the URL “gmail.com” in the address bar Select (click on) “create an account” Have your diary or cell phone handy to record the user name and password you decide to choose Complete the online format and submit You will receive a welcome message from Gmail Sandy Zinn [email protected] 27 Sending an email Select “Compose mail” In the “To” field, enter the recipient’s email address In the “Subject” field type a heading describing the gist of the email The space below is the area where you type your message much like a letter When completed you select the “send” button Sandy Zinn [email protected] 28 Other options and fields “Attach a file” option allows you to attach documents, images or any files saved on your computer CC stands for carbon copy & is used if you want to send a message to multiple people, add the extra addresses in the CC field separated by commas BCC stands for blind carbon copy. BCC works just like a carbon copy, except the email addresses you type in BCC cannot be seen by recipients. Sandy Zinn [email protected] 29 Netiquette Never send an email in CAPITAL LETTERS only. It is the equivalent of shouting When communicating with people not your closest friends address them with respect. Use complete sentences with proper capitalization and punctuation. Refrain from using shorthand abbreviations, such as “u” for you. Refrain from flaming (bashing) - hostile and insulting interaction between Internet users Don’t use emoticons with people you don’t know well. Sandy Zinn [email protected] 30 Search Engines Sandy Zinn [email protected] 31 Search engines - introduction A collection of programs that gather information from the Web, index it, & put it in a database so it can be searched. The search engine takes the keywords or phrases you enter, searches the database for words that match the search expression, and returns them to you. The results (called hits)are hyperlinks to sources that have descriptions, titles, or contents matching the search expression. Sandy Zinn [email protected] 32 Types of search engines General ◦ Ask http://www.ask.com ◦ Google http://www.google.com ◦ Exalead http://www.exalead.com Specialist KidsClick http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/KidsClick!/ Ananzi (South Africa) http://www.ananzi.co.za SearchEdu (education information) http://SearchEdu.com/ Meta Dogpile http://www.dogpile.com/ Mamma http://www.mamma.com MetaCrawler http://metacrawler.com Sandy Zinn [email protected] 33 Using Google - homepage Sandy Zinn [email protected] 34 Google Directory Sandy Zinn [email protected] 35 Searching With basic searching use the fewest, most apt words With advanced search you can tailor your results to be more accurate Change search settings Results page Sandy Zinn [email protected] 36 Standard View of results for a search on “health” Sandy Zinn [email protected] 37 Wonder Wheel view of results Sandy Zinn [email protected] 38 Google Librarian Central Sandy Zinn [email protected] 39 Web Hunt! Are you ready? Sandy Zinn [email protected] 40 Useful References http://www.webopedia.com/ http://www.sharpened.net/glossary/ Sandy Zinn [email protected] 41