Download The Internet and World Wide Web

The Internet & World Wide Web
Resources
Discovering Computers Fundamentals,
Third Edition , Shelly Cashman Vermaat
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Objectives
 Explain how to access to the Internet.
 Explain how to view pages & search on the web.
 Describe the types of Web sites.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
The Internet – also called the Net
The goal was to build a network:
 Allowed scientists at different locations to share info. & work
together on military & scientific projects.
 Could function even if part of the network were disabled or
destroyed by disaster.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
The Internet – also called the Net
In1969, The ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
developed by DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
of the United States Department of Defense .
The ARPANET was the first wide area network.
 It has evolved into the Internet we know today.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
The Internet – also called the Net
The original network consisted of four main computers, one each located at
The University of California at Los Angeles.
 The University of California at Santa Barbara.
 The Stanford Research Institute.
 The University of Utah.
Each computer served as a host on the network.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
The Internet – also called the Net
Host or Server is any computer that provides services & connections to
other computers on a network.
• Each organization on the Internet is responsible only for maintaining its own
network.
• No one controls or owns the Internet.
• The World Wide Web Consortium W3C, oversees research & sets standards
& guidelines for many areas of the Internet.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
Connecting to the Internet
 Dial-Up Access
It is a form of Internet access via telephone line .
We uses a modem connected to a computer and a telephone line.
Slow-Speed technology - Max 56 Kbps.
.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
 DSL ( digital subscriber line)
It is a technology that provides high-Speed Internet connections
using regular telephone lines.
MIN 125 Kbps to Max 25.000 Kbps.
 Cable Modem It is a technology that provides high-Speed Internet
connections through the cable TV network.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
Fixed Wireless high-Speed Internet connections .
 Use a dish-shaped antenna on your house or business to
communicate with a tower location via radio signals.
 Satellite Modem high-Speed Internet connections communicate with
satellite dish.
In most cases, DSL, cable TV, fixed wireless & satellite connections are always
on , that is, connected to Net the entire time the computer is running. With
Dial-up access You must establish the connection to the Internet.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
Access Providers
• Access Providers is a company that supplies individuals and
businesses with access to the Internet free or for a fee.
• There are three types of it :
– Internet Service Provider (ISP), sometimes called an Internet Access
Provider
– Online Service Provider (OSP).
– Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Is a regional or national access provider.
 Regional ISP provide internet access to specific geographic area.
 National ISP provide internet access to in cities & towns nationwide.
National ISPs offer more services & have large technical support staff.
e.g. AT&T WorldNet Service & EarthLink.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
 Online Service Provider (OSP) in addition to providing Internet
access, it has many member-only features.
 these features include special content and services such as news,
weather, financial data, games, travel guides, and photo communication .
 The fees for using an OSP higher than ISP fees.
2 more popular OSP are AOL & MSN
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) is a company that
provides wireless Internet access to users with wireless modems or
Internet-enabled devices and mobile computers
 e.g. Mobily & MTC.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
How data travel the Internet
 computers connected to the internet work together to transferee data and
information around the world.
Several main transmission media carry the heaviest amount of traffic on
the internet.
The major carriers of network traffic are known collectively as the internet
backbone.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
How The Internet works
Internet Addresses
 The Internet relies on an addressing system much like the postal service
to send data to a computer at a specific destination.
 IP Address short for Internet Protocol address.
• is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device
connected to the Internet.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
 IP address consist of 4 groups of number each separated by a period.
e.g. 216.239.39.99
o The first portion identifies the network .
o The last portion identifies the specific computer.
 These numeric IP addresses are difficult to remember and use. Thus, the
Internet supports the use of a text name that represents one or more
IP addresses.
 Domain Name is the text version of an IP address.
o Represents one or more IP addresses.
o e.g. www.google.com
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The Internet & World Wide Web
 www.google.com
Top level
domain
 Top-level domain used by a particular class of organization .
it identifies the type of organization associated with the domain.
for example, .com for commercial organizations .
 The TOP-LEVEL domain also end with a tow letter represent country
code, such as fr for France.
 Internet server or IAP translate domain name into its associated IP
address.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW) or Web
 A widely used service on the Internet, consists of a worldwide collection
of electronic documents.
 Each electronic document on the web, called Web page, can contain text,
graphics, audio & video.
 Web pages usually have built-in connections to other documents, links.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
 Web Site is a collection of related Web pages & associated items, such
as documents and pictures, stored on web server.
 Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your
computer.
 Web browser is application software that allows users to access & view
Web page.
 More widely web browsers are Internet Explorer, Netscape & Opera.
 Home page , is the first page that web site displays.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Downloading is a process of a computer receiving information
from a server on the Internet.
Web page download can take from a few second to several
minutes depending on the speed of your connection & amount
of graphics involved.
each Web page has a unique address called a URL.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
URL Uniform Resource Locator or Web address.
e.g. http://www.weather.com.
Web browser retrieves a web page using its Web address URL.
A web address consists of protocol, domain name and sometimes
the path to a specific web page or location on the web page.
Many Web page address begin with http:// ( Hypertext Transfer
Protocol)
http : It is a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the
Internet.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
• The first portion of the domain name identifies the type of the internet
server. ex: www indicates a web server.
• When you enter the Web address,
http://www.weather.com/maps/activity/skinprotection/index_large.html
In the web browser, it sends a request to the Web server that contains the
weather.com Web site. The server then retrieve the web page named
index_large.html in the maps/activity/skinprotection/ path and delivers it
to your browser, which then displays the web page on the screen.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Navigating Web Pages
 Most web pages contain links, short for hyperlink, is a built-in
connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page .
 Links allow you to obtain information in a nonlinear way.
 Surfing the web, refer to the activity of using links to explore the web.
 Links can be text or an image.
 Text links may be underlined and/or displayed in a color different from
other text on the web page.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Searching for Information on the Web
One primary use of the Web is to search for information. The
steps in successful searching are:
Identify the main idea or concept in the topic about which
you are seeking information.
 Determine any synonyms, alternate spellings or variant
word forms for the topic.
 Use search tool to locate the information.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
 2 most commonly used search tools are
Subject directory classifies web pages in an organized
set of categories. Such as sports or shopping. It
provides categorized lists of links arranged by subject.
e.g yahoo, msn.
Search engine is a program that finds Web site & web
page.
e.g yahoo, msn, Google.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
 Techniques to improve your searching:
– Use specific nouns & put the most important terms first in the
search text.
– Use the asterisk (*) to substitute characters in word. e.g. retriev*
returns retrieves, retrieval, retriever and any other variation.
– Use quotation mark “ ” to create phrases.
– List all possible spellings.
– Read search engine’s help information.
– Try more than one search engine
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Type of web sites
•
•
•
•
•
Portal
News
Informational
Business and marketing
Educational
•
•
•
•
•
•
Entertainment
Advocacy
Blog
Wiki
Content aggregator
personal
Many Web sites fall into more than one of these categories
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The Internet & World Wide Web
• Portal is a website that offers a variety of Internet services
from a single, convenient location.
• Most portals offer the following free services: search engine
and\or subject directory, news, sports and weather, e-mail,
shopping , maps, and stock quotes.
• When you connect to the Internet , the first web page that is
displayed often is a portal.
e.g. yahoo, msn, Lycos and AltaVista.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
• News is a website contains newsworthy material
including stories & articles relating to current events,
life, money, sports & the weather.
• Newspaper & TV & radio stations are some of the
media that maintain news websites.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Informational contains factual information.
Such as
– census data
– tax codes
– the congressional budget.
Other organizations provide info. Such as public transportation
schedules & published research findings
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Business & marketing
contains content that promotes or sell products or services.
Educational
offers exciting, challenging avenues for formal & informal
teaching & learning.
– Provide online classes & degrees.
– Instructors often use the web to enhance classroom teaching.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Advocacy used to promote an opinion or idea.
Blog short for Weblog
– an informal website consisting of time-stamped articles,
or posts, in a diary or journal format
– usually listed in reverse chronological order.
– Reflecting the interests, opinions & personalities of the
author & sometimes site visitors.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Wiki
 is a collaborative website that allows users to add to,
modify, or delete the website content via their web
browser.
 Its open to modification by general public.
Eg. Wikipedia.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Content Aggregator
is a business that gathers & organizes web content & then
distributes ,feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee.
– RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a specification that
content aggregators use to distribute content to
subscribers
– RSS files are one of the most widely used XML formats on
the Web.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Personal
private individual or family not usually associated
with any organization may maintain personal web
site.
Entertainment
Offer an interactive and engaging environment .
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Evaluating a web site
The quality of that information can be evaluated based on simple criteria.
 Affiliation
reputable institution should support the website without
bias in the info.
 Audience
Should be written at an appropriate level.
 Authority
Should list the author & the appropriate credentials.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
 Content
Should be well organized & the links should work.
 Currency
The info. On it Should be current.
 Design The web page
should download quickly & be visually pleasing & easy to
navigate
 Objectivity
Should be contain little advertising & be free of
preconceptions.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Multimedia on the web
Multimedia
Refers to any application that combines text with graphics,
animation, audio, video &/or virtual reality.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Graphics as drawing, chart or photograph.
 More common format are
JPEG compresses graphics to reduce their file size (less storage
space).
GIF also use compression techniques to reduce file size works
best with few distinct colors image.
Thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic.
Usually click it to display larger image.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Animation
Is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of
still images in sequence.
 Its make web page more visually interesting or draw
attention to important information or links.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Audio
 MP3 format reduces an audio file to about one-tenth its original size.
 Player, is a software used to play the audio file.
e.g. RealPlayer, windows media player, iTunes.
 Streaming
 Is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow.
 Allows users to access & use a file while it is transmitting.
 Podcast is recorded audio stored on a web that can be downloaded to
computer or iPod.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Video
 The clips are quite short in length.
 MPEG-4 a popular video compression standers.
Virtual reality (VR)
Used to simulate a real imagined environment
that appears at 3-D space.
Plug-in It is program that extends the capability of browser.
 You can download it from various web site without any cost.
e.g. Acrobat Reader, Flash player, QuickTime, RealPlayer, Shockwave
player and Windows Media player.
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Web Publishing is the development & maintenance of webpage.
The five major steps to
Web publishing:
1- plan a Web site.
2- Analyze and design a
Web site.
3- create a Web site.
4- Deploy a Web site.
5- Maintain a Web site.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
E-Commerce Electronic commerce, is a business transaction that occurs
over an electronic network like the Net.
There are three types of e-commerce:
– Business-to-consumer
Consists of the sale of goods & services
to general public. E.g. Dell.
– Business-to- Business
Business provide goods & services to
other businesses such as online advertising, recruiting, training ,etc.
– Consumer-to-Consumer Customer can purchase from each other,
such as in an online auction. E.g. eBay
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The Internet & World Wide Web
E-Commerce
Electronic storefront, contains product description, graphics and
shopping cart.
shopping cart allows the customer to collect purchases.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Internet Services
E-Mail (electronic mail)
FTP
Newsgroups & message boards
Mailing lists
Chat Rooms
Instant Messaging (IM)
Internet Telephony called Voice over IP
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The Internet & World Wide Web
E-Mail (electronic mail)
is a transmission of messages & files via a computer network.
2 type of it:
 E-mail program like Outlook Express.
 Web-based e-mail programs.
 You can use it to create ,send, receive ,forward , store, print & delete
e-mail massages.
 The message can be simple text or can include an attachment file.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
E-Mail (electronic mail)
 E-mail address is a combination of a user name & a domain name that identifies a
user so they can receive Internet e-mail.
 User name is a unique combination of characters such as letters, numbers that
identifies a specific user.
 Most e-mail programs allow you to create an address book.
 Most e-mail programs have a mail notification alert that informs you a massage or
sound when you receive a new mail.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
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The Internet & World Wide Web
FTP ( File Transfer Protocol)
It is an Internet standers that permits the process of file uploading and
downloading with other computers on the Internet.
 Uploading is the process of transferring files from your computer to a
server on the Internet.
 Many OS include FTP capabilities.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
FTP ( File Transfer Protocol)
 An FTP sites is a collection of files including text, graphics, audio clips,
video clips, and program files that reside on an FTP server .
 Many of FTP sites have anonymous FTP, let anyone can transfer some, if
not all, available files.
 Some FTP site restrict file transfer to those who have authorized
accounts on the FTP server.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Newsgroups & message boards
 Is an online area in which users have written discussions about a
particular subject.
 To participate in a newsgroup you used program called
o Newsreader
o Massage board ( web-based type).
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Mailing lists
Is a group of e-mail names & addresses given a single name.
 When massage is sent to a mailing list every person on the list receives
a copy of it in his or her email box.
 Subscribe, to add your email to mailing list.
 Unsubscribe , to remove your email.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Chat Rooms
Chat is a real time typed conversation that takes place on a computer.
 Chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat
with each other.
 Some chat rooms support voice chats & video chats.
 To start a chat session,
Connect to chat server through a program called chat client.
E.g. paltalk.
The browsers usually include chat client.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Instant Messaging (IM)
Is a real time Internet communications service that
 notifies you when one or more people are online
 allows you to exchange msg, files or join a private chat room with
them.
 IM services support voice & video conversations.
 To work, the receiver of a message must be willing to accept msg.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Instant Messaging (IM)
 To use IM you may have to install IM software on the computer or
device.
 Some OS include an IM.
 No standard currently exist for IM.
 To ensure successful communications, all individual on the contact list
need to use the same or compatible IM.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Internet Telephony called Voice over IP
• Enable users to speak to other user over the Internet using their PC,
Mobile computer & device.
• Calls to other parties with the same Internet telephone service often
are free, while calls that connect to the telephone network typically
cost about 13$ to 25$ per month.
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The Internet & World Wide Web
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The Internet & World Wide Web
Netiquette
is short for Internet etiquette, is the code of acceptable behaviors users
should follow while on the Net.
• Be polite.
• Read the FAQ if one exists.
• Don’t assume material is accurate or up-to-date
• Never read someone private e-mail.
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• If we want a higher speed internet connections
we can use ….,….,…..,or…..
Web browser is application software that allows users to
access & view Web page.
• Web page download can take from a few second to several minutes
depending on the speed of your connection & amount of graphics
involved.
• http://www.weather.com/maps/activity/skinprotection/index_l
arge.html
•
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