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Human Interface Technology Presented by: Arlene N. Baratang, M.A. Human Interface It is the point of contact between a human and a computer. Specifically, it refers to the layout of the screen, form, and methods of operating the computer when the system is used. It is important to create a human interface that considers ease of use from the user’s perspective, and it is necessary to learn the techniques and procedures for designing such an interface. GUI (graphical user interface) It is a human interface that makes heavy use of graphics to present information visually, and enables basic operations to be performed by using pointing devices such as a mouse. The elements that comprise a GUI are summarized below:…. Window Small, stand-alone screen provided within the operational screen. Text and images are displayed here. Click icon for full view Menu Bar Displays menu names. When a menu name is selected, a list of corresponding commands is displayed. Text Box Text and number data is entered here using the keyboard. Radio Button One item is selected from a list of several items. If a different item is selected, the previous one will be unselected automatically. Pull-down Menu Displays the selected menu by opening downward on the screen from the menu heading. Check-box Applicable items are selected from a list of several. Either a single item or multiple items can be selected. Alternatively, each individual item may have and ON and OFF option to select from. Click this to view check-box Command Button Performs the corresponding action when selected. List Box One or more items are select from a list of several. Effective when there are more items that will not fit in a radio button or check box list. Click this to view check-box Icon A picture or symbol representing a file or command. Can be used to launch applications, open, files, ets. Pop-up Menu A menu displayed in an arbitrary place on the screen while preserving the current contents. Also referred to as a “short-cut menu”. Interface Design Screen Design The input screen is the interface most used in a system by users. An easy-to-use input screen should be designed from the standpoint of the user. Samples of Screen Design Procedures for designing an input screen are as follows: 1. 2. 3. Screen standardization. Standardized the items common to each of the screens such as the position of the title and function key assignment. Screen systematization. Design the flow and hierarchical relationship between related screens. After the screens have been systematized, create a “screen hierarchy chart” and “screen transition chart”. Screen item definition and layout design. Decide on the position of items on the screen, default values, input methods, etc. Screen hierarchy chart Main Reservation Cancellation Inquiry Event exhibition information Availability Screen transition chart Availability Reservation Main Cancellation Inquiry Event Exhibition information Shows that the screen can be moved Points of consideration for screen design Have it move from left to right and top to bottom so that the flow of input is natural. When there are large number of options, group them together or use some other means to make the selection easy. Establish rules for color usage. Provide an operational guide (help function) for users not familiar with the operations. According to purpose of use, make it possible to use other input devices other than a keyboard (barcode reader, touch panel, scanner, etc.). Form design Forms used on a daily basis need to be designed in such a way that they are easy for anyone to use. Procedures for designing forms: Form standardization. Standardized the elements common to each of the forms such as the position of the title and the number of lines per page. Layout design. Design the layout of each of the items. Selection of printer and paper. If the form is to be printed, select the printer and paper according to the purpose of use. Points of consideration in form design: Place items that are common to all the forms in the same location. Include only the bare minimum information. Use commas for every three digits to make numerical data easy to read. Use tables, graphs, diagrams, etc. in the layout according to purpose. Make considerations for special output such as barcodes according to purpose. Sample of Form Design Web Design It has become common practice for companies to set up their own Web pages and transmit information via the Internet. As Web pages are seen by so many people, it is not an exaggeration to say that the quality of the Web page’s design can make or break the company’s image. Web design . . . . Web pages are placed to search for information on companies and submit inquiries. It is important for Web pages to be designed in such as way that they are easy for anyone to use. Considerations for Web Design Use a style sheet and standardize the colors and design. Keep use of images to a minimum and make the operations stress-free. Avoid functions that only work on certain Web browsers and make sure the site renders properly on all browsers. Samples of Web Designs http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dentalhealth.html http://www.dentalhealthtreatment.com/ Style Sheet A “style sheet” sets various style formats for a Web page that defines settings such as font style, and size, background, and margins. A style sheet can be used to comprehensively manage a Web page, making it possible to not only set and make changes efficiently but maintain the overall volume of the website. Usability “Usability” refers to ease of use for a user. It is an indicator for designing a userfriendly and easy-to-use Web page. Web Accessibility “Web accessibility” refers to the availability of the desired information and services on the website to everyone, including the elderly disabled. Information Accessibility “Information accessibility” refers to the removal of obstacles that get in the way of using information devices so that information can be accessed without difficulty. In general, if a device is easy to use or a screen is easy to see for people with disabilities or special needs, it will likely be easy to use or see for all users. http://sciencedaily.healthology.com/dental-health/focusarea.htm http://www.dentalroseville.com/ http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/default.htm http://pinoydental.com/ http://dentalresource.org/ http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/braces.html Universal Design Universal design is an approach that involves designing products, equipment, facilities, and living spaces in such a way that they can be used by anyone regardless of nationality, culture, gender, age, or physical ability. Universal design. . . Some examples include vending machines that have the product dispenser in the middle, and elevators that are entered on one side and exited on the other. These designs provide ease of use to everyone and are not limited to those in wheelchairs or those with large luggage. Vendo machine ATM Machines, tickets vendo machine Newspaper dispenser Elevator Universal design. . . This universal design approach have been proposed by Ronald Mace, a professor at the University of North Carolina in the United States, in 1985. The key point is that the target is all persons and is not limited to the elderly or people with disabilities. It is important to imagine in the user’s shoes and make designs that are accessible to as many people as possible by eliminating any conveniences. The End