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Download Structure, Text, Lists & Links
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DOCUMENT STRUCTURE, TEXT, LISTS & LINKS Transitional DTD Frameset DTD The Frameset DTD is identical to the transitional DTD, except that it includes the <frameset> and <frame> elements Frameset DTD Allows you to split the browser window into two or more frames, which are independent, scrollable portions of a Web browser window, with each frame capable of displaying a separate URL Block-Level and Inline Elements Two basic types of elements can appear within a document’s <body> element: block-level and inline Block-level elements are elements that give a Web page its structure Inline, or text-level, elements describe the text that appears on a Web page Unlike block-level elements, inline elements do not appear on their own lines; they appear within the line of the block-level element that contains them Block-Level and Inline Elements Standard Attributes You place attributes before the closing bracket of the starting tag, and you separate them from the tag name or other attributes with a space Many XHTML attributes are unique to a specific element or can only be used with certain types of elements Standard Attributes Boolean Attributes A Boolean attribute specifies one of two values: true or false The presence of a Boolean attribute in an element’s opening tag indicates a value of “true”, whereas its absence indicates a value of “false” Boolean Attributes This syntax also means that an attribute must be assigned a value For this reason, minimized Boolean attributes are illegal in XHTML You can still use Boolean attributes in XHTML provided you use their full form When a Boolean attribute is not assigned a value, it is referred to as having a minimized form Recall that all attribute values must appear within quotation marks You create the full form of a Boolean attribute by assigning the name of the other attribute itself as the attribute’s value Required Elements What are the required elements/tags for every webpage? The Document Head The elements within a document’s head section contain information about the Web page itself. The document head does not actually display any information in a browser Rather, it is a parent element that can contain several child elements A parent element is an element that contains other elements, known as child elements Child Elements of the <head> Element Metadata The term metadata means information about information In a Web page, you use the <meta> element to provide information to search engines and Web servers about the information in your Web page Metadata You must place the <meta> element within the <head> element You can use three primary attributes with the <meta> element: name, content, and http-equiv Developer Comments Comments are nonprinting lines that you place in your code to contain various types of remarks. XHTML comments begin with an opening comment tag <!– and end with a closing comment tag --> Web Page with Comments Text-Formatting Elements Phrase Elements Using phrase elements helps ensure that your Web pages are compatible with user agents that may not be capable of handling formatting elements Phrase Elements The <blockquote> Element The <blockquote> element is a block-level element that defines long quotations on Web pages The <blockquote> element includes an optional cite attribute to which you can assign a URL that cites the quotation, provided you found it on the Web The <q> Element The <q> element is an inline element that you use to specify short quotations on your Web page You can also include the cite attribute with the <q> element, which you assign the URL where you found the quotation Special Characters You will often find it necessary to add special characters to your XHTML documents, such as a copyright symbol (©) or a non-English character such as the Latin capital letter E with a circumflex (Ê) Commonly Used Special Characters Creating Lists They also provide a simple, yet effective design technique for making it easier for Web site visitors to locate information You can add three types of lists to a Web page; unordered lists, ordered lists, and definition lists Creating Lists Unordered Lists An unordered list is a series of bulleted items To define the items you want to appear in the bulleted list, you nest <li> elements within a <ul> element Unordered Lists Ordered Lists An ordered list is a series of numbered items To define the items you want to appear in the numbered list, you nest <li> elements within an <ol> element Ordered Lists Definition Lists A definition list is a series of terms and their definitions Web browsers render each term and its definition on separate lines with an indented left margin Definition Lists You create a definition list by using the <dl> element, you nest <dt> elements for term names and <dd> elements for term definitions Definition Lists Linking Web Pages You activate a hypertext link by clicking it with your mouse button A hypertext link in an HTML document is underlined and often displayed in a vivid color Linking Web Pages The text or image used to represent a link on a Web page is called an anchor You create a basic hypertext link using the <a> element (the a stands for anchor) Linking Web Pages It is not always necessary to use images for links because basic text links, if properly placed on a Web page, can be just as effective It takes much less time to create a textbased hyperlink than it does to design an image to use as a hyperlink Uniform Resource Locators The last part of a domain name, known as the domain identifier, identifies the type of institution or organization Common domain identifiers include .biz, .com, .edu, .info, .net, .org, .gov, .mil, .ws, .tv, or .int Uniform Resource Locators Absolute and Relative Links What is an absolute link? When do I want to use this type of link? What is an relative link? Why would I want to use this link type? Questions?
