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The Development of Courseware for Smartphones Judy Nix Ericsson Education Ireland Based on Research for the EU Leonardo Funded Project Mobile Learning: the Next Generation of Learning Fernuniversitat Distance Education Corvinus University of Budapest Mobile learning is the provision of education and training on hand held devices: PDAs, smartphones, mobiles and MP3 players Why develop courseware for mobile devices? 664.5m mobiles phones shipped in 2004 50% of all employees in the developed world spend half their time outside the office Nearly all higher level education students in Europe use mobile phones in their everyday lives It is predicted that multi-purpose handheld devices will outsell laptop and desktop computers this year 3G networks will provide the infrastructure through its “always on” environment Strictly Confidential 4 The Approach To mirror existing eLearning development methods by employing the same tools and technologies to ultimately facilitate adaptability. Strictly Confidential 5 How? – Development Tools Macromedia Dreamweaver MX Version 1.0 - Site definition Wizard - Validator - Previewing facility Strictly Confidential 6 Development Tools Opera Browser 6.31 - Supports XHTML - Supports Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) - Describes what the content looks like Strictly Confidential 7 Development Tools Adobe Photoshop 5.5 - Images can be save in GIF - Transparent areas can be included - Web colour palette can be specified. Strictly Confidential 8 Technologies The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) 1.0 Transitional Strictly Confidential 9 Technologies Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Levels 1 & 2 - - - CSS enables authors to separate presentation type from document content Style rules define presentation & formatting can be contained in a single files. Facilites the implementation of well structured, maintainable xhtml documents. Strictly Confidential 10 Technologies Java Script - a scripting language for creating simple code to control the behaviour of web document objects Document Object Model (DOM) - the ability to change the appearance of a web page dynamically Strictly Confidential 11 Design & Development Web Based Design A user interface screen was created with a column container that holds all the content The container holds a table element and the course material iframe. The user-interface page was designed to behave dynamically At any one time, one specific icon or heading is displayed at each location. Strictly Confidential 12 Design & Development Challenge of how to present diagrams in a concise, uncluttered way. Key colour codes were employed in some areas A scaled down , simplified image-map version with different clickable areas was used to provide links to separate full size sub section view of the original graphic. Strictly Confidential 13 Student Evaluation n 1.Occupat ion 5.Mobile Device Ownershi p % % n Non-Technical Employee Technical Employee Teacher/Trainer - - 18 - 25-29 37 n 3 - 30-40 16 6 Male 12 4.Level of Education 5 24 or younger 7 3.Gender n Manager 1 2.Age Group % % 3 95 - 7 16 - 37 High school Matriculation One to three years post secondary Four or more years of post-secondary - 3 16 - Mobile Phone 17 16 PDA 89 - Strictly Confidential Both - 14 2 11 - Over 50 Female 63 % Other 41-59 31 n 84 - Student Evaluation 78% found the equipment easy to use. 56% agreed that the experience was fun, 45% agreed that m-learning increases the quality of elearning. 50% agreed that learning objectives can be met by mlearning. Strictly Confidential 15 Recommendations Research is needed to ensure a fun experience for everyone within mLearning Design and graphics are very important Communication functionality and how it can be built into the overall package Feedback and assessment needs to be developed further Strictly Confidential 16 Conclusion Through the use of web based technologies, courses can be developed and adapted for mobile devices 3G with its on all the time evironment will improve the background environment More research is need Students have the devices – lets give them something to learn on them!! Strictly Confidential 17 Strictly Confidential 18