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Major Religions of the World What does religion mean to you? something one believes in and follows devotedly usually has some form of “higher power” Why do you think religion causes so many conflicts and wars in the world when it is supposed to promote peace? What religion are you? Why do you practice that religion? Numbers Christianity: 1.9 billion people Islam: 1.1 billion Hinduism: 800 million Buddhism: 325 million Judaism: 13 million Christianity Based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ Originated in Palestine in the 1st century AD Believe that Jesus was the son of God who came and died for people’s sins and then rose so that all people could be saved Believe in one God(monotheistic) who created the universe and all things in it Christianity originally developed as a part of Judaism Christian Way of Life Fellowship with God Our relationships with others Obedience to God's commands Discipline Ten Commandments Important Days Ash Wednesday-Lent Palm Sunday Maundy Thursday Good Friday Easter Ascension Pentecost Advent Christmas Epiphany Judaism Is a monotheistic religion The fundamental beliefs of Judaism are: -There is a single, all-powerful God, who created the universe and everything in it. -God has a special relationship with the Jewish people due to covenant that God made with Moses on Mount Sinai, 3500 years ago. The Written Torah (first 5 books of the Bible) and Oral Torah were given to Moses The Jewish place of worship is called a Synagogue The religious leader of a Jewish community is called a Rabbi Unlike leaders in many other faiths, a rabbi is not a priest and has no special religious status The Jewish holy day, or Sabbath(Shabbat), starts at sunset on Friday and continues until sunset on Saturday 7 Holy Days Rosh Hashanah-Jewish New Year Yom Kippur-A day of fasting and praying which occurs 10 days after the first day of Rosh Hashanah. The holiest day in the year Sukkot-8 day festival of thanksgiving Hanukkah-The Feast of Lights is an 8 day Feast of Dedication. It recalls the war fought by the Maccabees in the cause of religious freedom Purim-The Feast of Lots recalls the defeat by Queen Esther of the plan to slaughter all of the Persian Jews, circa 400 BC Pesa(Passover)-The 8 day festival recalls the exodus of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt circa 1300 BCE. A holiday meal, the Seder, is held at home Shavouth-Pentecost recalls God's revelation of the Torah to the Jewish people Menorah-It is a symbol of the nation of Israel and a mission to be "a light unto the nations. A Yarmulke is worn during prayer to shoe respect to God The Star of David is the international symbol of Judaism Flag of Israel has it Islam Islam is the world's second most followed religion It began around 1400 years ago in Arabia, but swiftly become a world faith, and now has around 1.2 billion people "Islam" is an Arabic word which means “surrendering oneself to the will of God” One will achieve peace and security by doing so A person surrenders to the will of Allah by living and thinking in the way Allah has instructed. Islam is more than a system of beliefs. The faith provides a social and legal system and governs things like family life, law and order, ethics, dress, and cleanliness, as well as religious ritual and observance—Islamic Republic Where is Islam practiced? The countries with the largest Islamic populations are not in the Middle East as most would think The largest are Indonesia (170 million), Pakistan (136 million), Bangladesh (105 million), and India (103 million) Islam's three holiest places, the cities of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem, are all in the Middle East The present form of Islam began in Arabia in 622 AD It is based on the ministry of a man named Muhammad and on the words that Allah gave to the world through him Muhammad did not found Islam. Islam was created by Allah at the beginning of time, and in fact Muslims regard Adam as the first Muslim Muhammad was the final messenger through whom Allah revealed the faith to the world There had been earlier messengers, among them Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Shahada(witness) is the Muslim profession of faith - "I witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the prophet of Allah" Muslims say this when they wake up in the morning and just before they go to sleep at night 2. Salat(daily prayer) is a prayer ritual performed 5 times a day by all Muslims over the age of 10 Between first light and sunrise After the sun has passed the middle of the sky Between mid-afternoon and sunset Between sunset and the last light of the day Between darkness and dawn 3. Sawm(fasting) is abstaining each day during Ramadan Sawm helps Muslims develop self-control, gain a better understanding of God's gifts and greater compassion towards the deprived. Ramadan is the holiest day for Islam. It marks when Muhammad had the Qur-an revealed to him Sawm is usually described as fasting, but it actually involves abstaining from all bodily pleasures between dawn and sunset Not only is food forbidden, but also things like smoking, chewing gum, negative thoughts and sexual activity 4. Zakat(almsgiving) is giving alms to the poor This is a compulsory gift of 2.5 % of one's savings each year Giving in this way is intended to free Muslims from the love of money It reminds them that everything they have really belongs to God. 5. Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca that all physically/financially able Muslims should make at least once in their life Mecca is the most holy place for Muslims Other Info The Qur’an is the Islamic holy book The Qur'an is the actual word of God, and contains the fundamental beliefs of Islam Mecca, Medina and Jerusulem are holy cities According to tradition, the Qur'an was dictated to Muhammad Hinduism Hinduism includes a very wide range of beliefs and practices, so there aren't many things that are common to all Hindu groups Hinduism has no founder, no single book of faith, no creed, Hinduism is very individualistic but a big part of a person’s everyday life There are 750 million Hindus in the world, mostly in India Behind Hindu practice is the belief that every soul is trapped in a cycle of birth-deathrebirth(reincarnation). Every Hindu wants to escape from this cycle and move toward Moksha. Hindus aim to live in a way that will cause each of their lives to be better than the life before. Whether one is reborn into a better life, a worse life, or even to live as an animal, depends on Karma, which is the value of a soul's good and bad deeds. Dharma is a “cosmic natural law” that forms the basis for Hindu philosophies, beliefs and practices and holds everything together People that live in harmony with Dharma proceed more quickly toward Moksha Hindus ultimate aim is escape from the life cycle altogether and achieve the ultimate liberation—Moksha Hindus believe the universe doesn't have a beginning and an end. It's a cyclical pattern, so once it ends, it begins again. Hindu Gods There is only one ultimate God, Brahman, but shows itself in many forms The gods Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, for example, are different aspects of Brahman: Brahma reflects God's divine work of creating the universe Vishnu reflects God's work in keeping the universe in existence Shiva reflects God's work in destroying it Buddhism Founded in India around 500 BC by Siddhartha Guatama who became Buddha, the Enlightened One, when he was 29 Buddhism has no unique creed, no single authority and no single sacred book Buddhism focuses on each individual seeking to attain enlightenment His main teachings was to eliminate human wants as they are the cause of suffering in the world Key beliefs and values are contained in "The Four Noble Truths“ 1. Life means suffering 2. The origin of suffering is attachment to worldly things 3. The end to suffering is attainable through eliminating physical wants/needs , breaking free from the cycle of rebirth and reaching Nirvana. 4. The path to the end of suffering and achieving Nirvana is to follow the Eight Fold Path Eight Fold Path 1. Right View 2. Right Intention Think and do the right things at all times 3. Right Speech To see and view things as they really are Attained true wisdom Do not lie, curse, slander, or gossip 4. Right Action Do not harm yourself or others, do not steal, and no sexual misconduct 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort Give 100% effort in what you do 7. Right Mindfulness No jobs dealing in weapons, in living beings (including raising animals for slaughter as well as slave trade and prostitution), working in meat production and butchery, and selling alcohol and drugs Having the power to control our thought process and see the truth behind things 8. Right Concentration Ability to have deep concentration and ability to focus on wholesome thoughts and actions