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Unit 1-8: Basic Economic Concepts 1 Supply and Demand Analysis Easy as 1, 2, 3 1. Before the change: • Draw supply and demand • Label original equilibrium price and quantity 2. The change: • Did it affect supply or demand first? • Which determinant caused the shift? • Draw increase or decrease 3. After change: • Label new equilibrium? • What happens to Price? (increase or decrease) • What happens to Quantity? (increase or decrease) Let’s Practice! 2 S&D Analysis Practice 1. Before Change (Draw equilibrium) 2. The Change (S or D, Identify Shifter) 3. After Change (Price and Quantity After) Analyze Hamburgers 1. New grilling technology cuts production time in half 2. Price of chicken sandwiches (a substitute) increases 3. Price of hamburgers falls from $3 to $1. 4. Price for ground beef triples 5. Human fingers found in multiple burger restaurants 3 1. New grilling technology cuts production time in half Price S S1 Pe P decrease Q increase P1 D Qe Q1 Quantity 4 2. Price of chicken sandwiches (a substitute) increases Price S P increase Q increase P1 Pe D Qe Q1 D1 Quantity 5 3. Price of hamburgers falls from $3 to $1. Price S Shortage Pe Qd increase Qs decrease P1 D Qs Qe Qd Quantity 6 4. Price for ground beef triples Price S1 P1 Pe S P increase Q decrease D Q1 Qe Quantity 7 5. Human fingers found in multiple burger restaurants Price S P decrease Q decrease Pe P1 D1 Q1 Qe D Quantity 8 Double Shifts • Suppose the demand for milk increased at the same time as production technology improved. • Use S&D Analysis to show what will happen to PRICE and QUANTITY. Double Shift Rule: If TWO curves shift at the same time, EITHER price or quantity will be indeterminate (ambiguous). 9 Demand increases AND supply increases Price S S1 P1 Pe D P indeterminate Q increase Qe D1 Q1 Quantity 10 Trick: Draw it out separately and combine the results P indeterminate Q increase 11 What if supply increases and demand falls? P decrease Q indeterminate 12 What if supply decreases and demand falls? P indeterminate Q decrease 13 Supply and Demand Practice Worksheet 14 Example of Voluntary Exchange Ex: You want to buy a truck so you go to the local dealership. You are willing to spend up to $20,000 for a new 4x4. The seller is willing to sell this truck for no less than $15,000. After some negotiation you buy the truck for $18,000. Analysis: Buyer’ Maximum- $20,000 Sellers Minimum- $15,000 Price- $18,000 Consumer’s Surplus-$2,000 Producer’s Surplus- $3,000 15 Voluntary Exchange Terms Consumer Surplus is the difference between what you are willing to pay and what you actually pay. CS = Buyer’s Maximum – Price Producer’s Surplus is the difference between the price the seller received and how much they were willing to sell it for. PS = Price – Seller’s Minimum 16
