Download APPLYING MENDEL`S PRINCIPLES

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts

History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup

Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup

Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup

Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup

Transcript
APPLYING MENDEL’S PRINCIPLES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
It took 20 yrs. After his death for his work to be recognized.
GENES AND PROBABILITY
Probability: The likelihood that a particular event will occur
The # of times a particular event occurs
The # of opportunities for the event to occur (# of trials)
Examples: The flipping of a coin or tossing of a die
Couple of important rules/considerations:
You only get expected ratio w/large a number of trials
The previous events don’t affect future outcomes
So, when doing pea plants you need a large number of plants.
PUNNETT SQUARES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Handy for analyzing results of experimental crosses
ONE-FACTOR CROSS
Test Cross: Cross of unknown genotype w/homozygous
recessive. In pea plants (T) is dominant and (t) is recessive.
If any offspring shows the recessive phenotype, then the
unknown parent must be heterozygous.
TWO-FACTOR CROSS
(G) green are dominant over (g) yellow pods
(N) smooth are dominant over (n) constricted pods
So, when a heterozygous (GgNn) is crossed with a (ggnn)
what happens?
GENOTYPE RATIO- 4:4:4:4 = 1:1:1:1
PHENOTYPE RATIO- 4:4:4:4 = 1:1:1:1