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Study Guide
Chapter 5 section 3
Chapter 6
Question #1
Q: There are two types of
reproduction, what are
they?
A: 1. Asexual
2. Sexual
Question # 2
Q: There are two major differences between
asexual and sexual reproduction. What are
the differences?
A: 1. Asexual - one parent and identical
traits as the parents.
2. Sexual - has two parents and a
combination of traits from the two parents.
Question # 3
Q: Most of the cells in your body reproduce
by a process called __________.
A: Mitosis
Question # 4
Q: What are the parent cells in sexual
reproduction called?
A: Sex Cells
1. Sperm
2. Egg
Question # 5
Q: When two chromosomes carry the exact
same gene sequence, what are they
called?
A: Homologous Chromosomes
Question # 6
Q: What process produces sex cells?
A: Meiosis
Question # 7
Q: What is the end result of meiosis?
A: Four sex cells with half the number of
chromosomes
Question # 8
Q: If a parent cell has 36 chromosomes,
what will the process of meiosis
produce? (tell the type of cell produced,
how many cells result, and the number of
chromosomes in each).
A: Four eggs w/ 18 chromosomes each or
four sperms w/ 18 chromosomes each
Question # 9
Q: If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes,
how many chromosomes would his
sperm have?
A: 8
Question # 10
Q: Where are genes found/located?
A: On the chromosome
Question # 11
Q: How is the sex of a child determined?
A: The father carries the XY chromosome
that determines the sex of the child. If
the father gives an X to the female allele,
it will be a girl; if the father gives a Y to
the female allele, it will be a boy.
Question # 12
Q: What allele pair does the female carry?
A: XX
Question # 13
Q: What allele pair does the male carry?
A: XY
Question # 14
Q: Some diseases attach to the X
chromosome of the female. What are
these diseases called?
A: Sex linked genetic disorders
Question # 15
Q: Why does colorblindness occur most
often in males?
A: It is usually carried by the female and is
a recessive trait so it usually is only
passed on to a male child.
Question # 16
• Q: Show the symbol for the following parts of a
pedigree:
A:
– Male – square
– Female - circle
– Has no signs of the disease because it carries two dominant
alleles – Square/Circle not colored in
– Carries the disease but does not have it - Square/Circle half
colored in
– Has the disease because it carries two recessive alleles Square/Circle ALL colored in
– Couples – horizontal lines
– Brothers and sisters (children) – vertical lines
– Different generations – numbers to the left of the pedigree
Question # 17
Q: What is the purpose of a pedigree?
A: A tool used to detect traits that are
passed down through generations
Question # 18
Q: What is the following an example of?
– dairy farmer collects data on his herd of cows for how much milk
each produces. Two cows in particular produce large quantities
of milk. The farmer breeds these two cows with his bull in order
to have offspring that will produce large amounts of milk.
A: Selective Breeding
Question # 19
Q: Put these words in order of size (small to
large): nucleus, chromosome, cell, and
gene.
A: Gene, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell
Question # 20
Q: How are sex cells different from body
cells?
A: Sex cells have ½ the # of chromosomes
Question # 21
Q: If you were the carrier of a genetic disease, how could
genetic counseling help you prepare for the future?
A:
1. Genetic counseling could help to prepare the family
for problems associated with the disease
2. Allow parents to make decisions in regards to
having children (have children naturally or adopt),
3. Seek proper medical attention to prevent early onset
of the disease
4. Learn how to best live with the disease
Question # 22
Q: If a mouse’s tail is cut off as it escapes
from a cat, explain what the offspring’s tail
would look like?
A: The offspring would have a normal tail.
Question # 23
Q: If a scientist is looking to choose a
specific mate for an organism to produce
a desirable trait, what is this process
called?
A: Selective breeding
Question # 24
Q: Where are chromosomes located in the
cell?
A: In the nucleus.
Question # 25
Q: What are chromosomes made of?
A: Microscopic threadlike strands of DNA
Question # 26
Q: What does DNA stand for?
A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Question # 27
Q: What is the basic function of the DNA?
A: To control the production of proteins
within the cell
Question # 28
Q: What is the relationship of a gene and
DNA?
A: A gene is a segment of DNA that codes
for a particular protein & trait.
Question # 29
Q: What scientists found the structure for
DNA?
A: James Watson & Francis Crick
Question # 30
Q: What does DNA look like?
A: Twisted ladder/Double Helix
Question # 31
• Q: Each part of the ladder of DNA is made
up of a different chemical. Tell the
chemical for each of the parts of the
ladder:
A: 1. The sides of the ladder – sugar (deoxyribose)
& phosphates
2. Rungs of the ladder – adenine, thymine,
guanine, cytosine
Question # 32
Q: What is the “Base-Pair Rule?”
A: 1. A pairs with T
2. C pairs with G
Question # 33
Q: What is a nucleotide made up of?
A: A sugar, a phosphate, one of the four
bases
Question # 34
Q: What holds together the two sides of the
DNA ladder?
A: Hydrogen Bonds
Question # 35
Q: Where are proteins made?
A: In Ribosomes
Question # 36
Q: What chemical is needed to read the
code of the DNA and tell the ribosomes
what proteins to make?
A: Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Question # 37
Q: Why is messenger RNA needed in a cell?
A: mRNA is needed to carry messages
through the nuclear membrane pores to
the ribosomes about what proteins to
make from the DNA because DNA is too
big to fit through the pores of the nucleus.
Question # 38
Q: DNA is referred to as the “blueprint” of
the cell? Why is it referred to in this
way?
A: DNA is referred to as the “blueprint” of
the cell because it tells the cell how to
build an organism
Question # 39
Q: Using figure one on page 144, draw the
four nucleotides of DNA.
A:
Question # 40
Q: Draw the shape of a strand of DNA.
A: