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Transcript
Yellow dots mark the locus of a specific gene on a homologous
pair of human chromosomes
The chromosomal
basis for Mendel’s
Laws
Sex-linked inheritance
Evidence for
linked genes
in Drosophila
Page 9 #3
P: EETTBB X eettbb
etb
ETB EeTtBb
F1 cross EeTtBb X EeTtBb
F1p%: 100% Long ears,
brown tails, and brown eyes
F2p%:
56.25% Long, brown, brown
18.75% Long, brown, blue
18.75% short, cotton, brown
6.25% short, cotton, blue
ETB
ETb
etB
etb
ETB
EETTBB EETTBb
EeTtBB
EeTtBb
ETb
EETTBb
EETTbb
EeTtBb
EeTtbb
etB
EeTtBB
EeTtBb
eettBB
eettBb
etb
EeTtBb
EeTtbb
eettBb
eettbb
Page 9 #4
P: EEttbb X eeTT BB
eTB
Etb
EeTtBb
F1 cross EeTtBb X EeTtBb
F1p%: 100% Long ears,
brown tails, and brown eyes
EtB
Etb
eTB
eTb
EtB
EEttBB
EEttBb
EeTtBB
EeTtBb
F2p%:
Etb
18.75% Long, cotton, brown
eTB
37.5% Long, brown, brown
6.25% Long, cotton, blue
eTb
12.5% Long, brown, blue
18.75% short, brown, brown
6.25% short brown, blue
EEttBb
EEttbb
EeTtBb
EeTtbb
EeTtBB
EeTtBb
eeTTBB eeTTBb
EeTtBb
EeTtbb
eeTTBb
eeTTbb
Production of recombinant gametes by a dihybrid female
page 10 #1
636 Gray body, normal wings
253 Black body, vestigial wings
50 Gray body, vestigial wings
61 black body, normal wings
Phenotypes
%’s If linked
Actual %’s
Gray, normal
75%
63.6%
56.25%
Gray, vestigial
5.0%
18.75%
Black, normal
6.1%
18.75%
25.3%
6.25%
Black, vestigial
25%
Yes, 11.1 map units
%’s If Not linked
page 10 #2
364 Long ears, brown fur
122 short ears, white fur
6 Long ears, white fur
8 short ears, brown fur
Phenotypes
%’s If linked
Actual %’s
%’s If Not linked
Long, brown
75%
72.8%
56.25%
Long, white
1.2%
18.75%
Short, brown
1.6%
18.75%
24.4%
6.25%
Short, white
25%
Yes, 2.8 map units
Page 11 #4
P BBNN X bbnn
F1 cross BbNn X BbNn
bn
BN BbNn
F1p%: 100% brown
eyes, normal wings
F2p%: 75%-6%= 69%
4%
4%
25%-2%= 23%
.75
x.08
0.06
.25
x.08
0.02
BN
bn
BN
BBNN
BbNn
bn
BbNn
bbnn
Brown eyes, normal wings
Brown eyes, vestigial wings
Red eyes, normal wings
Red eyes, vestigial wings
Page 11 #5
P llgg X LLGG
F1 cross LlGg X LlGg
LG
lg
LlGg
F1p%: 100% Long proboscis,
clear wings
LG
lg
LG
LLGG
LlGg
lg
LlGg
llgg
F2p%: 75%-13.5%= 61.5% Long proboscis, clear wings
9% Long proboscis, gray wings
9 % Short proboscis, clear wings
25%-4.5%= 20.5% Short proboscis, gray wings
.75
.25
x.18 x.18
0.135 0.045
Recombination frequencies can be
used to construct a genetic map.
A partial genetic map of a
Drosophila chromosome
Chromosomal systems of
sex determination.
In human males the SRY gene
codes a protein that regulates
genes that triggers the
development of testes and many
other maleness genes.
The transmission of sex-linked recessive traits
Sex-linked traits in humans include red-green color blindness
hemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy
X inactivation and the tortoiseshell cat. The tortoiseshell gene is
on the X chromosome and the phenotype requires the present of
both alleles (one on each X chromosome) The XIST gene on one
X chromosome is active and codes RNA which coats that X
chromosome which initiates the methylation of that X and causes
it to condense and form a Barr body
Meiotic nondisjunction
Nondisjunction results in aneuploidy
XO-Turner Syndrome only human monosomy that
survives no Barr bodies/cell
XXY-Klinefelter Syndrome one Barr body/cell
XYY – Super male greater chance of violence
XXX & XXXX – Super female greater chance of violence
2 or 3 Barr bodies/cell
Trisomy 21-Down syndrome-can also be caused by
translocation of part of chromosome 21
cri du chat-deletion of part of chromosome 5
CML-translocation of part of 22 to the tip of 9
A tetraploid mammal??
Prader-Willi syndrome when
inherited from male
Angelman syndrome when
inherited from female
Genomic Imprinting is
accomplished by
methylation of genes to turn
them off “silence them” or
areas near them to turn
them on. Male imprinting is
designed to produce a
larger, stronger, fetus and
female imprinting is
designed to produce a
smaller fetus.
Genomic imprinting is an attempt by the male to
produce larger, stronger offspring; the female imprints
are an attempt to produce smaller less energy draining
offspring
fragile X syndrome-one section of the X hangs by a
thin thread of noncoiled DNA which is composed of
long sets of triplet repeats – CGG
genomic imprinting by the mother is more likely to
cause the syndrome
Variegated leaves caused by
extranuclear genes that are
inherited from the ovum.
Where did all your mitochondria come from?