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Austrian Monkeys Laws and Terms 100 pt Definitions Looks & Genetics DNA 100 pt 100 pt 100 pt 100 pt 200 pt 200 pt 200pt 200 pt 200 pt 300 pt 300 pt 300 pt 300 pt 300 pt 400 pt 400 pt 400 pt 400 pt 400 pt 500 pt 500 pt 500 pt 500 pt 500 pt This Austrian Monk is known as the Father of modern Genetics. Who is Gregor Mendel In his study of heredity Mendel used this type of plant. Pea Plant Through his research Mendel developed this. The first workable model of how genetics works The pea plant was ideal for Mendel’s Research because they had these features. (list three) Tall and Short, Smooth and wrinkled seeds, and Complete flowers In order to perform his experiment Mendel need to have this type of strain of plants Purebred Define: Law of Dominance Certain traits are dominant and appear to make recessive traits disappear. Define: The Law of Independent Assortment Factors (genes) for certain characteristics are passed from one generation to the next independently from other traits Define a Dominant Trait Expressive allele, indicated by a capital letter. Define a Recessive trait The genes do not express themselves; these are represented by lower case letters Define Probability The likelihood that some outcome will occur Chromosome Rod shaped bodies that occur in pairs, carry the genetic make up Genetics The study of how traits are passed Genes Heredity units located on the chromosome Homozygous Condition in which two alleles in a given location are the same Heterozygous Condition when two alleles at a given location are different Define Genotype The Genetic composition of an individual Define Phenotype How an allele expresses itself, what it looks like Is the following gene set Heterozygous or Homozygous BB Homozygous If you see a black cow standing in a field, do you know its phenotype or genotype? How? (Black is dominant) The phenotype is black (what it looks like). You know that it has at least one black gene, but you cannot know the rest of its genotype. Define Meiosis Process of cell division that produces gametes, having a haploid number of chromosomes The shape of DNA is called a Double Helix List the four Nitrogen bases (full names) Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine Which nitrogen bases are purines? Adenine & Guanine How do the bases pair? A-T & C-G Which parent controls the gender of offspring and why? Male, because his chromosomes are XY and the female is XX meaning whatever the male passes becomes the new offspring's gender