Download Handout-_Class_3_Growth_and_Maturation

Physical Growth Maturation
and Aging
Changing Individual Constraints
across the Life Span
KNPE 578
Class # 3 Chapter 3
Dr. Clersida Garcia
Growth and Aging Change
Individual Constraints
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Genetic and ________ factors combine to influence
growth and aging.
In growth and aging we observe patterns.
 ___________: patterns that hold for all humans
(growth spurt)
 ___________: individual variation (Same age
different timing)
It is important to know the _______________and the
________ of variation
With this knowledge, educators and therapists can make
tasks developmentally appropriate.
Prenatal Development
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The growth process ________the instance an ovum
(egg) and spermatozoon _____ __ fertilization
Early development is under the control of______
-Normal development
-Inherited abnormal development
The embryo or fetus is sensitive to ________ factors.
 Positive effects—Deliver of proper nutrients
 Negative effects--Certain viruses and drugs in the
mother bloodstream
Prenatal Growth: Two Phases
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Embryonic Development
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From __________ to ___ weeks
Fetal Development
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From ___weeks to_______
Embryonic Development
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Occurs from conception to 8 weeks.
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Cells _____________ to form specific tissues
and organs.
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Limbs are formed at ___ weeks.
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Human form is notable at ____ week.
Implantation
Fetal Development
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Occurs from __ weeks until ______.
Continued growth by hyper______ (increased
number of cells) and hyper______ (increased
size of cells).
Growth is cephalocaudal (_____ __ ____)
and proximodistal (_____ __ ___).
There is a degree of __________ (capability of
taking on a new function).
Fetal Nourishment
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Oxygen and nutrients diffuse between fetal and
maternal blood in the ___________.
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Poor _________ health status can affect the
fetus.
Abnormal Prenatal Development
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The source of abnormal development can be
________ or __________.
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___________ defects are those present at birth
from either a genetic or extrinsic source.
Genetic Causes of Abnormal
Development
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Genetic abnormalities can be _________
disorders (defective gene from one parent) or
__________ disorders (defective gene from
each parent).
Genetic abnormalities can result from
_________ of a gene.
Their effects on growth and maturation are
__________.
Extrinsic Causes of Abnormal
Development
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___________ factors can affect the fetus
through nourishment or the physical
environment.
_____________ are substances delivered
through the nourishment system that act as
______________-producing agents.
Some teratogenic effects result from ____
______ of a substance; some result from _____
______.
Extrinsic Causes of Abnormal
Development (continued)
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The placenta screens some substances, such as
______ viruses, but not all harmful substances.
Pressure, __________, ____rays and gamma
rays, ________-deficient atmospheres, and
pollutants are among the harmful environmental
factors.
________ undergoing ________ development at
the time of exposure are the most vulnerable.
Postnatal Development
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Overall growth follows the _________ (or Sshaped) pattern.
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Timing of _______ and _______ periods can
vary among individuals.
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Timing differs between _________.
Measuring Growth in Length and
Stature
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____________ length is measured from birth
until a child is able to stand
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Measured from the vertex (highest point on _____)
to the soles of the _____
Measuring Growth in Length and
Stature
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_________ or standing
height is measured
between the ______
and the _______
Preferred measurement
of body _______
Measuring Growth in Length and
Stature
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Stature can be
estimated in the
elderly and/or
disabled populations
from recumbent
______ height
Calculation of Stature from Knee
Height
Stature Men
65.19 – (0.04 x age) + (2.02 x knee height)
Stature Women
84.88 – (0.24 x age) + (1.83 x knee height)
Growth in Length and Stature
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Plots accumulative growth over time (_______ ______)
Height
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Follows the ________ pattern.
Girls
 Peak height velocity occurs at _____ to ____ years.
 Growth in height tapers off around ____, ends
around ____.
Boys
 Peak height velocity occurs at _____ to _____ years.
 Growth in height tapers off around ___, ends
around _____.
_______ _______ period of males contributes to
absolute height differences.
Distance Curve of Growth in Height
Velocity Curves for Height
Weight
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Follows the _________ pattern.
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Weight is susceptible to _________ factors,
especially ____ and ________.
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Peak weight velocity ________ peak height
velocity by 2.5 to 5 months in boys and 3.5 to
10.5 months in girls (individuals grow ___ and
then fill _____).
Growth in Body Weight
Typical
_________ _________ for body weight
D_______ Curve of Growth in Weight
Relative Growth
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The body as a whole follows the _______
pattern, but specific parts, tissues, and organs
have different growth rates.
Body proportions change from a _____-heavy,
short-______ form at _____ to adult
proportions.
In adolescence, _______ increase in shoulder
breadth.
Changes in Body Configuration
Changes in body proportions with age
Notice the great changes in the relative size of the head and
lower limbs
Physiological Maturation
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As children and youths become older, they grow
in _____ and ________.
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Children vary in maturation _____.
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It is difficult to infer maturity from _____ alone,
_____ alone, or _____ and _____ together.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
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Appear as a function of
maturation
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Appear at a younger age in
______ ____________
Extrinsic Influences on Postnatal
Growth
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During periods of rapid growth, individuals are
especially __________ to extrinsic factors.
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_______ _____ growth demonstrates extrinsic
influences.
Adulthood and Aging
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Height is _______ in adulthood but might
decrease in older adulthood.
Compression of the ________ pads
 ______________
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The average adult starts gaining weight in the
20s.
_____ and _______
 Loss of _______ ______
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Growth, Maturation, and Aging:
Summary
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Prenatal development is under ________ and
_________ influences.
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Most extrinsic factors are influential through the
_____________ system.
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Growth ___________ can be caused by the
genes, the environment, or both.
(continued)
Growth, Maturation, and Aging:
Summary (continued
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Whole-body growth follows the ________
pattern, with timing differences between the
sexes and among individuals.
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With advancing _____, extrinsic factors
contribute more to individual __________.
Assessment of Prenatal Growth
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Prenatal assessments can be __________:
Amniocentesis
 Chorionic villus sampling
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Prenatal assessments can be _____________:
Ultrasound is the most common.
 New imaging software constructs 3-D images.
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Assessment of Extent and Rate of
Postnatal Growth
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D_________ curves show the ______ of
growth.
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V_______ curves show the _____ of growth.
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Peaks on velocity curves show the age at which
the rate of _______ ________ from faster to
slower.
Learning Activities
Six groups of 4 students each:
Find a name for your group & create a cheers with
movements and words
 # 1. ____________
 # 2. ____________
 # 3. ____________
 # 4. ____________
 # 5. ____________
 # 6. ____________
Learning Activity
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Activity # 1
Measure the Knee Height of two Group
Members and compare to his/her standing
height
How close are the measures to the real height ?
Learning Activity
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Activity # 2
Assessing growth Rate (handout)
Discussion Questions
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What is the difference between a distance curve
and a velocity curve ?
What does each curve tell you about growth?
Why are peaks in the velocity curves of interest?
What areas of the fetus’s body advance first? In
what direction does growth proceed?
Describe gender differences in the curse of
overall growth from infancy to adulthood