Download Ch 5 Review Glencoe Power Pt

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life.msscience.com
Image Bank
Foldables
Video Clips and Animations
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Standardized Test Practice
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life.msscience.com
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Image Bank
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Transfer Images
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• Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc –
view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter
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Family
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Allele Separation
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Garden Pea
Plants
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Table – Traits Compared by Mendel
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Punnett
Square of
Peas
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Table – Principles of Heredity
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Punnett
Square of a
Chestnut
Horse
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Blood
Collection
Bag
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Eye
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Color
Blindness
Test
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Pedigree
Chart
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Cows
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Genetic Engineering
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Gene
Therapy
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Genetically
Engineered
Crop Plants
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Punnett
Square of a
Calico Cat
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Foldables
Classify
Characteristics
As you read this chapter about heredity, you can
use the following Foldable to help you classify
characteristics as inherited or not inherited.
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Foldables
Fold the top of a vertical piece of paper down and
the bottom up to divide the paper into thirds.
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Foldables
Turn the paper
horizontally; unfold
and label the three
columns as shown.
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Foldables
Read for Main Ideas
Before you read the chapter, list personal
characteristics and predict which are inherited
or not inherited. As you read the chapter,
check and change your list.
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Video Clips
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Video Clips
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Video Clips
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Reviewing Main Ideas
1
Genetics
• Genetics is the study of how traits are
inherited. Gregor Mendel determined the
basic laws of genetics.
• Traits are controlled by alleles on
chromosomes.
• Some alleles can be dominant or recessive.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
1
Genetics
• When a pair of chromosomes separates
during meiosis, the different alleles move
into separate sex cells. Mendel found that he
could predict the outcome of genetic crosses.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
2
Genetics Since Mendel
• Inheritance patterns studied since Mendel
include incomplete dominance, multiple
alleles, and polygenic inheritance.
• These inheritance patterns allow a variety of
phenotypes to be produced.
• Some disorders are the results of inheritance
and can be harmful and even deadly.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
2
Genetics Since Mendel
• Pedigree charts help reveal patterns of the
inheritance of a trait in a family. Pedigrees
show that sex-linked traits are expressed
more often in males than in females.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
3
Advances in Genetics
• Genetic engineering uses biological and
chemical methods to change genes.
• Recombinant DNA is one method of genetic
engineering to make useful chemicals,
including hormones.
• Gene therapy shows promise for correcting
many human genetic disorders by inserting
normal alleles into cells.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
3
Advances in Genetics
• Breakthroughs in the field of genetic
engineering are allowing scientists to do
many things, such as producing plants that
are resistant to disease.
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Chapter Review
Question 1
Study the table. If a pea plant produces round
yellow seeds it is exhibiting ________ traits.
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Chapter Review
A. dominant
B. hybrid
C. purebred
D. recessive
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Chapter Review
Answer
The correct answer is A. In the table shown,
round, yellow seeds are a dominant trait of pea
plants.
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Chapter Review
Question 2
When using Punnett squares to predict results
in genetics, why do you sometimes use
uppercase letters and other times lowercase
letters?
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Chapter Review
Answer
Uppercase letters are used to represent
dominant alleles while lowercase letters are
used to represent recessive alleles. A Punnett
square can be used to predict which two alleles
an offspring might inherit from a cross of two
particular parents.
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Chapter Review
Question 3
What type of inheritance does the cross shown
by this Punnett square represent?
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Chapter Review
Answer
This cross represents incomplete dominance. In
this case, when a horse homozygous for
chestnut coat color and one homozygous for
cremello coat color are mated, none of the
offspring have the coat color of either of the
parents. The offspring are all palomino which is
an intermediate coat color.
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Chapter Review
Question 4
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele.
How can two parents who do not have cystic
fibrosis have a child with this disease?
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Chapter Review
Answer
Because the allele is recessive, it will be
masked by the dominant allele. If both parents
are heterozygous, they will not have the disease
but they each have one recessive allele. If each
parent happens to pass on their recessive allele
to a child, the child will have cystic fibrosis.
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Chapter Review
Question 5
Which would be an example of genetic
engineering corn plants?
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Chapter Review
A. cross breeding two different corn plants to
get stronger plants
B. inserting a gene into corn plants that helped
them grow faster
C. predicting the offspring of corn plants using
Punnett squares
D. using herbicides to kill corn plants with
undesirable traits
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Chapter Review
Answer
The correct answer is B. Scientists are finding
genes that produce desirable traits and inserting
them into plants using genetic engineering
techniques.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 1
Which correctly describes the phenotypes of
these three plants?
Rose Alleles for Genotype of
Phenotype
plant flower color plant for flower of plant for
color
flower color
1
Rr
heterozygous
?
2
RR
homozygous
?
3
rr
homozygous
?
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Standardized Test Practice
A. All three plants should have different
phenotypes.
B. All three plants should have the same
phenotype.
C. Plant 1 and plant 2 should have the same
phenotype.
D. Plant 2 and plant 3 should have the same
phenotype.
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The correct answer is C. Because plant 1 and
plant 2 each have a dominant allele, they
should each have the same phenotype. Plant 3
should not look like the other two plants.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 2
Which would represent a hybrid individual?
A. T
B. TT
C. Tt
D. tt
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The correct answer it C. A hybrid individual
has received a different allele for a trait from
each parent. In this example, the individual
received a dominant allele from one parent (T)
and a recessive allele from the other parent (t).
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 3
What does this pedigree show you?
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Standardized Test Practice
A. All females in this family are carriers for
the color-blind allele.
B. Color-blindness is more common in males
than females.
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Standardized Test Practice
C. Color-blind children must have one colorblind parent.
D. Only grandparents can pass the allele for
color-blindness.
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The correct answer is B. None of the females
in this family are color-blind but most of the
male grandchildren are. In this family, the
female children of the color-blind father are all
carriers of the gene and passed it on to many of
their sons.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 4
When DNA from a human is inserted into
bacterial DNA, this new DNA is called
_______.
A. dual-purpose DNA
B. loop-DNA
C. recombinant DNA
D. virus-DNA
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The correct answer is C. Recombinant DNA is
made by inserting a useful segment of DNA from
any organism into a bacterium. Large quantities of
human insulin are made by inserting the gene for
human insulin into bacterial DNA.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 5
How are viruses
used in this example
of how gene therapy
might be used to
treat cystic
fibrosis?
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Standardized Test Practice
A. to deliver the normal allele of the gene
B. to kill cells with the defective allele
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Standardized Test Practice
C. to replace damage lung tissue
D. to replace the nucleus of defective cells
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The correct answer is A. The normal allele is
inserted into the virus using genetic engineering.
If the virus can reach the target cells in the lungs,
it may be able to insert the normal gene into the
defective cell.
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