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Chapter 2 Biological and Environmental Foundations The Genetic Code Chromosomes _______ genetic information Each cell in the human body contains _____. Cell Figure 2.1 2 DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid _____ molecules make up chromosomes. Code for transmission of all genetic information ______ is a segment of a DNA molecule. Gene 3 Male or Female? Sex is determined by whether an X-bearing or a Y-bearing sperm (male sex cell) fertilizes the ovum (female sex cell) . Sperm Ovum X Sperm X XY Male X Ovum XX Female 4 Patterns of Genetic Inheritance If the genes are alike, the child is _________ and will display the inherited trait. If they are different, then the child is________, and relationships between the genes determine the trait that will appear. _______ genes will always result in the characteristics while recessive genes will only have effect if paired with another recessive gene _______ some traits result from interactions of many genes homozygous heterozygous 5 Reproductive choices Genetic counseling – assess likelihood of having a baby who has inherited _________ Prenatal diagnostic methods(genetic testing): __________ – fluid obtained from uterus _________ – high-frequency waves used to obtain an image Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine Detection of ______ Some problems can be treated before birth, but practices are controversial. Today, the goal is to map chromosomes and correct hereditary defects with genetic repair or replacement. 7 Reproductive Technologies _____________ - sperm from a donor is injected into the woman _______________ - egg and sperm are united in a dish _________- another woman is inseminated with the father’s sperm and then delivers the baby embryo adoption _________________________ - saving healthy tissues for later use __________ - organism grown from cell of parent and is genetically identical ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS FOR DEVELOPMENT Family Friends School Society 9 Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Family Functioning Index of a family's or individual's social position and economic well-being. It combines years of education, ________________________, and income. Affects ____________________ of phases of the family life cycle 10