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Chapter 3: Genes, Culture, and
Adaptation
The Red Queen
• Why Sex?
-Men are Genetic Freeloaders
• Why Sex?
-Men are Genetic Freeloaders
• Planet size piece of food.
– The Red Queen Theory
• Striking a balance between genetic
variability and function
• Universality of designs andinterchangeable parts
• Human genetic variability
• More genetic variability within
populations than between populations
Population 1
Population 2
Number
of
Individuals
Distance Between Pops
Genetic Variation in Common
Population 1
Population 2
Number
of
Individuals
Distance Between Pops
Genetic Variation in Common
Population 1
Population 2
Number
of
Individuals
Distance Between Pops
Genetic Variation in Common
Physical Measurements
(combined classes)
• What: Heights, Weights, limb and digit length
• Why?
– Differences and Similarities Between Populations
• Adaptations to different environments
– Phenotypic plasticity
– Selection (Natural or Sexual)
– Differences and Similarities Within Populations
• Access to resources
– Status
– Abilities
Types of Adaptation
• Genetic
– Natural or Sexual Selection
– Allen’s rule
– Genetic tracking (the spear thrower and the
archer)
– Disease Resistance
• Mutation and HIV resistance
• HIV immunity
– Malaria and Balanced Polymorphism
• Sickle cell and malaria
• Evolutionary Medicine
– Last Assignment
– Pleiotropy
• Thrifty Gene theory (Neal)
• Senescence a byproduct or is there another
reason - “Programmed Death” (telomeres)?
Physiological Adaptation
• Adaptive response to environmental
factors
• Last as long as the individual is exposed
to the environmental factor
• Shivering – to maintain body temperature
(homeostasis)
• Altitude changes
– Volume of Blood
– More vascularization
Developmental Adaptation
– Changes that occur during childhood
development
– Last a lifetime
– Height
Cultural Adaptation
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•
•
•
Coca chewing
Shelters
Clothing
Etc.