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Marriage in America (Part 2):
The Scientific Debate
1 Corinthians 6:9-11
• “You shall not lie with a male as one lies with
a female; it is an abomination.”
(Leviticus 18:22)
• 9 Or do you not know that the unrighteous will
not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be
deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor
adulterers, nor effeminate [malakos], nor
homosexuals [arsenokoites], 10 nor thieves, nor
the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor
swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. 11
Such were some of you; but you were washed,
but you were sanctified, but you were justified
in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the
Spirit of our God. (1 Corinthians 6:9-11)
• “Homosexuality is not normal. On the
contrary it is a challenge to the norm…Nature
exists whether academics like it or not. And
in nature, procreation is the single relentless
rule. That is the norm. Our sexual bodies
were designed for reproduction. No one is
born gay. The idea is ridiculous.
Homosexuality is not an inborn trait.”
– Camilla Paglia, Vamps and Tramps, 71-72
The Three Main Studies:
1. A brain study (hypothalamus) by Simon
LeVay
2. A genetic study (X chromosome) by Dean
Hammer
3. A twins study by Michael Bailey and
Richard Pillard
The Three Main Studies:
1. A brain study (hypothalamus) by Simon
LeVay
2. A genetic study (X chromosome) by Dean
Hammer
3. A twin study by Michael Bailey and
Richard Pillard
• “The results do not allow one to decide if the
size of INAH3 in an individual is the cause or
the consequence of that individual’s sexual
orientation.”
– Simon LeVay, “A Difference in
Hypothalamic Structure Between
Heterosexual and Homosexual Men,” Science
Vol. 253 (1991): 1034-37.
• “Sexual orientation cannot be reliably predicted on
the basis of INAH3 volume alone.”
– William Byne, Stuart Tobet, Linda A. Mattiace,
Mitchell S. Lasco, Eileen Kemether, Mark A. Edgar,
Susan Morgello, Monte S. Buchsbaum, and Liesl B.
Jones, “The Interstitial Nuclei of the Human
Anterior Hypothalamus: An Investigation of
Variation with Sex, Sexual Orientation, and HIV
Status” Hormones and Behavior Vol. 40 (2001):
86–92.
• “Changes in the hypothalamus at times are
the result of sexual behavior rather than the
cause of it.”
– Ivanka Savic, Hans Berglund, and Per
Lindström, “Brain Response to Putative
Pheromones in Homosexual Men,”
Proceedings of the National Academies of
Science 102/20 (May 17, 2005): 7356.
• “It’s important to stress what I didn’t find. I did not
prove that homosexuality is genetic, or find a genetic
cause for being gay. I didn’t show that gay men are
born that way, the most common mistake people make
in interpreting my work. Nor did I locate a gay center in
the brain. …Since I looked at adult brains, we don’t
know if the differences I found were there at birth, or if
they appeared later.” – Simon LeVay
– David Nimmons, “Sex and the Brain,” Discover, Vol. 5, No. 3 (March
1994): 64-71 and cited in A. Dean Byrd, Ph.D., Shirley E. Cox, Ph.D.,
and Jeffrey W. Robinson, Ph.D., “The Innate-Immutable Argument
Finds No Basis in Science,” National Association of Research and
Therapy for Homosexuality
• “Time and again I have been described as
someone who ‘proved that homosexuality is
genetic’ or some such thing. I did not.”
– Simon LeVay, The Sexual Brain, p. 122
• “People who think gays and lesbians are born
that way are also more likely to support gay
rights.” Simon LeVay, Queer Science, p. 282
• LeVay said, “It’s important to educate
society. I think this issue does affect religious
and legal attitudes.”
– D. Gelman, D. Foote, T. Barrett, M. Talbot,
“Born or Bred,” Newsweek, 24 February
1992, 46-53.
• “…Instead, the changes that have occurred in
both public and professional opinion have
resulted from politics, pressure, and public
relations.”
– Dr. Satinover, Homosexuality and the
Politics of Truth, 38
• “We knew that the genes were only part of
the answer. We assumed the environment
also played a role in sexual orientation, as it
does in most, if not all behaviors.”
– Dean Hamer, The Science of Desire, p. 82
• “We have not found the gene—which we
don’t think exists—for sexual orientation”
– Hamer in Neil Whitehead’s, My Genes
Made Me Do It, 135
• “In other words, inclusion of heterosexual
brothers might have revealed that something
other than genes is responsible for sexual
orientation.”
– William Byne, “The Biological Evidence
Challenged,” Scientific American Journal
(May 1994).
• “We were not able to confirm evidence for
an Xq28-linked locus underlying male
homosexuality…These results do not support
an X-linked gene underlying male
homosexuality.”
– Rice, George, Carol Anderson, Neil Risch, and
George Ebers (1999), “Male Homosexuality:
Absence of Linkage to Microsatellite Markers
at Xq28,” Science, 284:665-667, April 23.
• What happened to Dr. Hamer?
• Hamer was under investigation by the Office
of Research Integrity for scientific fraud and
transferred to a different department.
• A Wall Street Journal article based on
Hamer’s research: Research Points to a Gay
Gene
• “Gay Gene” Research Doesn’t Hold Under
Scrutiny, Chicago Tribune’s John Crewdson
Uncovers Possible Scientific Misconduct by
NCI Researcher
• The New York Native (a gay newspaper)
• “This finding alone argues for the enormous
importance of nongenetic factors influencing
homosexuality because…in order for
something to be genetically determined, as
opposed to merely influenced, the genetic
heritability would need to approach 100
percent.”
– Satinover, Homosexuality and the Politics
of Truth, 85
• Bailey failed to report that genetically
unrelated step‐brothers are both “gay” more
often than genetically related brothers
• “The biological brothers and adoptive
brothers showed approximately the same
rates. This latter observation suggests that
there is no genetic component, but rather an
environmental component shared in
families.”
– Risch, Neil, Elizabeth Squires-Wheeler, and
Bronya J.B. Keats (1993), “Male Sexual
Orientation and Genetic Evidence,” Science,
262:2063-2064, December 24.
• When trying to replicate his study, Bailey
concluded that if one brother was a homosexual,
the identical twin was also a homosexual only 11%
of the time!
• “While the authors interpreted their findings as
evidence for a genetic basis for homosexuality,
we think that the data in fact provide strong
evidence for the influence of the environment.”
– Billings, P. and Beckwith, J. Technology
Review, July, 1993, 60.
• “…our results support the hypothesis that
less gendered socialization in early childhood
and preadolescence shapes subsequent
same-sex romantic preferences.”
– Peter S. Bearman and Hannah Brückner,
“Opposite-Sex Twins and Adolescent SameSex Attraction,” American Journal of
Sociology, Vol. 107, No. 5, (March 2002),
1179-1205.
• “To their fellow scientists, the researchers
properly acknowledge what every serious
researcher knows, but the public does not:
that genetics is not the issue with
homosexuality but environment.”
– Jeffrey Satinover, “The Gay Gene?” The
Journal of Human Sexuality, 1996
• “Currently, there is a renewed interest in
searching for biological etiologies [causes] for
homosexuality. However, to date there are
no replicated scientific studies supporting
any specific biological etiology [or cause] for
homosexuality.”
– American Psychiatric Association Fact
Sheet, “Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues”
• “To date, no researcher has claimed that
genes can determine sexual orientation. At
best, researchers believe that there may be a
genetic component…No human behavior, let
alone sexual behavior, has been connected
to genetic markers to date”
– From “Why Ask Why? Addressing the
Research on Homosexuality and Biology,”
PFLAG
• “No biological connections to homosexuality
have been demonstrated. Like with the
monster of Loch Ness, there are periodic
claims that a biologic factor has been
spotted, but upon closer inspection, the
claims evaporate.”
– J.O.N.A.H.: Jews Offering New Alternatives
to Homosexuality,
Dr. Gerard Van den Aardweg, Homosexuality
and Biological Factors
• No “gay gene” was found after the entire
human genome was mapped
– The Human Genome Project and
The National Center for Bio‐Technology
Information
• “All were announced with great fanfare; all
were greeted unskeptically in the popular
press; all are now in disrepute.”
– Charles Mann, Genes and Behavior
• SHOW ME THE STUDY!
3. Because homosexuality is not genetically
caused or immutable and therefore it is not a
civil right.
• The sum of Your word is truth, and every one
of Your righteous ordinances is everlasting.
(Psalm 119:160)
• …All Your commandments are truth.
(Psalm 119:151)
• “Sanctify them in the truth; Your word is
truth.” (John 17:17)
• Forever, O Lord, Your word is settled in
heaven. (Psalm 119:89)
• “Heaven and earth will pass away, but My
words will not pass away. (Matthew 24:35)
• The law of the Lord is perfect, restoring the
soul; the testimony of the Lord is sure,
making wise the simple. (Psalm 19:7)
• 5 Every word of God proves true... 6 Do not
add to His words, or He will rebuke you and
you be found a liar. (Proverbs 30:5-6)
•
20 But
know this first of all, that no prophecy
of Scripture is a matter of one’s own
interpretation, 21 for no prophecy was ever
made by an act of human will, but men
moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God.
(2 Peter 1:20-21)
• The grass withers, the flower fades, but the
word of our God stands forever. (Isaiah 40:8)
Marriage in America (Part 2):
The Scientific Debate
1 Corinthians 6:9-11
Various books give testimonies of people who left the
homosexual lifestyle
• Coming Out of Homosexuality by Bob Davies
and Lori Rentzel
• Books by Joe Dallas
• Coming Out Straight by Richard Cohen
• You Don’t Have to Be Gay by Jeff Konrad
• Restoring Sexual Identity: Hope for Women
Who Struggle with Same-Sex Attraction by
Anne Paulk
• The Same-Sex Controversy by James White and
Jeffrey Niell
• Same-Sex Marriage: Putting Every Household at
Risk by Mathew Staver
• Marriage on Trial by Stanton and Dr. Maier
• Homosexuality and the Politics of Truth by Jeffrey
Satinover
• Homosexuality: The Use of Scientific Research in the
Church’s Moral Debate by Stanton Jones & Mark
Yarhouse
• What is Marriage? By Girgis, Anderson, & George
• Bringing Up Boys by James Dobson
• A Parent's Guide to Preventing Homosexuality by
Joseph Nicolosi
• Someone I Love Is Gay: How Family & Friends Can
Respond by Anita Worthen
• 101 Frequently Asked Questions About
Homosexuality by Mike Haley
• The Gay Gospel?: How Pro-Gay Advocates Misread
the Bible by Joe Dallas
• See Genesis Counseling (Joe Dallas) for help