Download 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Biology Unit Three - Energy
Mrs. Pearson’s First Semester Biology
*For those watching by recording, watch for questions on the slides throughout
the presentation. Email me the answers to the questions within two days of the
lesson being presented in order to receive credit for watching the recording.
Biology Olympics
• Break it Down!
– Today’s word is “chemosynthesis”
• Chemo means…
• Synthesis means…
Biology Olympics
• Chemosynthesis is the use of chemicals by an
organism to generate usable energy
Biology
USA
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
KEY CONCEPT
All cells need chemical energy.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Lesson Objectives
• Describe the processes and products of photosynthesis.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Pearson’s Perfectly Pleasant Prefixes and Parts
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tri –
Di –
Chemo Photo –
Synthesis
Produce
Consume
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Why do cells need energy? What kinds of things do cells
need to do that require energy?
• Organisms get their energy in different ways – why is this a
good thing? What would happen if all organisms got their
energy in the same way?
• If all organisms got their energy in the same way, energy
would move in a linear fashion eventually being completely
changed into an unusable form. Energy cycles through
systems being transferred from one area to another. What
else do we see in the environment that cycles?
• What should humans be careful to make sure “cycles” in our
interactions with nature?
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
The chemical energy used for most cell processes is
carried by ATP.
• Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
Starch molecule
Glucose molecule
**Those
watching by
recording,
include in your
email where
food molecules
store chemical
energy
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food
molecules to cell functions.
– Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
– ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is
added.
phosphate removed
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to
produce ATP.
• Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken
down to make ATP.
– not stored in large amounts
– up to 36 ATP from one
glucose molecule
adenosine
triphosphate
tri=3
adenosine
di=2
diphosphate
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Fats store the most energy.
– 80 percent of the energy in your body
– about 146 ATP from a triglyceride
• Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
– amino acids not usually needed for energy
– about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
A fat by any other name…
• What two other names did you see for “fats” on the
previous slide?
– Triglycerides
– Lipids
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and
photosynthesis as a source of energy.
• Some organisms live in places
that never get sunlight. Like
where?
• In chemosynthesis, chemical
energy is used to build
carbon-based molecules.
– similar to photosynthesis
– uses chemical energy
instead of light energy
– Where could this chemical
energy be coming from?
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
KEY CONCEPT
The overall process of photosynthesis produces
sugars that store chemical energy.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Photosynthetic organisms are producers.
• Producers make their own
source of chemical energy.
• Name three producers you
would find in a grocery store.
• Plants use photosynthesis and
are producers.
• Photosynthesis captures energy
from sunlight to make sugars.
**Those watching by recording, include in
your email the definition of a producer.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• Chlorophyll is a molecule that
absorbs light energy.
chloroplast
• In plants, chlorophyll is
found in organelles called
chloroplasts.
•Why don’t we find chlorophyll
in animal cells?
leaf cell
leaf
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• The light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight.
–
–
–
–
take place in thylakoids
water and sunlight are needed
chlorophyll in the thylakoids absorbs energy
energy is transferred along thylakoid membrane then to
light-independent reactions
– oxygen is released
•Water, sunlight and
oxygen are found in
this part of the
process – what are
we missing?
•Carbon dioxide
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• The light-independent reactions make sugars.
– take place in stroma
– needs carbon dioxide from atmosphere
– use energy to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical
reactions
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• The equation for the overall process is:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
granum (stack of thylakoids)
1
chloroplast
6H2O
thylakoid
6CO2
**Those watching by
recording, include in
your email the
equation for
photosynthesis.
3
6O2
2
energy
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)
1 six-carbon sugar
4
C6H12O6
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Questions?