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Chapter 3 - Part 1 3.1 Bonding 결합의 원리 What is Bonding? • Forces that attract atoms or ions together • Three Forces that affect Bonding – Attraction between electrons and nuclei – Repulsion between electrons – Repulsion between nuclei • Bonding Stabilizes Atoms (Lower Energy) What is Special about Noble Gases? • Noble Gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) – non-reactive – 8 electrons in outer shell • Atoms form Ions – to achieve 8 electrons in outer shell (octet) Types of Bonding • Ionic Bonding 이온 결합 – metals and non-metals – bonds between ions – each ion has a full outer shell Types of Bonding • Ionic Bonding – metals and non-metals – bonds between ions – each ion has a full outer shell • Covalent Bonding 공유 결합 – non-metals and non-metals – electrons are shared between atoms – each atom shares electron to fill outer shell Types of Bonding • Metallic Bonding – between metals – electrons are loosely bound – electrons are shared and move freely from atom to atom Lewis Structures • Visualize Atoms and Electrons • 원소기호는 원자를 표시 • 점은 전자를 표시 H O H • 전자쌍 하나는 단일 결합을 나타내고 직선으로 표시 H OH H O H Lewis Dot Diagrams Molecules • Small Molecules – 2-40 atoms simple molecules – gases, solvents, amino acids, gasoline • Medium Molecules – 40-200 atoms – steroids, fatty acids, cooking oil • Large Molecules – tens of thousands of atoms – DNA, enzymes, proteins, polymers Continuous Networks • Covalent Networks – trillions of atoms – atoms are arranged in fixed lattice • Ionic Solids – trillions of ions (cations and anions) – ions are arranged in fixed lattice