Download Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Bioenergetics & metabolism
of carbohydrates, lipids,
amino acids
1
Biologic oxidation
1.summary
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O2
H 2O
Carbohydrate,
CO2
lipid, etc
mitochondrion
ATP
enzymes
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The concept of the biological
oxidation
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 The three stages of
biological oxidation
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Nutriment materials
Building block molecules
Stage 1
Acetyl coenzyme A
Stage 2
tricarboxylic acid cycle
Stage 3
Oxidative phosphorylation
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Nutriment materials
biological oxidation
H2O
energy
cell usage
CO2
heat energy
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Mitochondrion oxidation
system
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metabolism
Carbohydrate, lipid,
H2O, CO2
proteins
FADH, NADH
H2O,
Mitochondrial oxidation
system
energy
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 the structure of
mitochondrion
Out membrane
Inner membrane
matrix
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 ATP synthase
F0-F1 complex
a large membrane –protein
complex
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 respiratory chain
1. concept
2. constitutes
four electron-carrier
complexes
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3. types
NADH oxidation
respiratory chain
Succinate oxidation
respiratory chain
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4. The components & function
of the each electron-carrier
complexes in these two
respiratory chain
.
A.
complex Ⅰ
( NADH-Q reductase)
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* Riboflavin proteins
structure
function
types
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* iron-sulfur proteins
structure
function
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Fe
2
 Fe
3
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* ubiquinone,Q (coenzyme Q)
structure
function
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B.
complex Ⅱ ( succinic-Q reductase )
Fe-s
AH2
A
FAD
FADH2
reduced
Q
Fe-S
oxidized
QH2
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C. complex Ⅲ
(Q-CytC reductase )
Contain:
cytb562
cytb
C
cytc
cytb566
C1
iron-sulfur proteins
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* cytochromes, ( cyt )
a. structure
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b. Classification:
cytb562
cycb
cytb566
cytc
C
C1
cyta
a
a3
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c. the differences between
each cytochromes
the side chain
linkage with apoenzyme
Light –absorption spectra
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d.
function
Single electron carriers
iron in protoporphyrin
prosthetic group
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Fe
2
 Fe
3
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D. complexⅣ
(CytC oxidase )
Contain:
cyta,a3
CuA,CuB
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5. The orders of these
complexes in the respiratory
chain
A.
A. NADH oxidation
respiratory chain
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• Compose of complex
Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ
a. contain :
+
NAD ,FMN(Fe-S),
CoQ,Cytb, c1,c ,
aa3,Cu,O2
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b. order
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B. Succinate oxidation
respiratory chain
• Compose of complex
Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ
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a.
contain :
FAD+ (Fe-S), CoQ,
Cytb, c1,c ,
aa3,Cu, O2
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b. order
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C. the evidences of the
arrangement order
• redox potential
• light absorption spectra
• inhibitors
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• gentle treatment with
detergents
CoQ linked with
complex Ⅰ ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ
cytc linked with
complex Ⅲ, Ⅳ
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6. the process of the electron
transportation
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Oxidative phosphorylation
A. concept
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Metabolic
oxidized
materials
products
Respiratory chain
2H
+1/2 O2
H 2O
energy
ADP  H 3 PO4  ATP  H 2 O
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B. coupling sites of Oxidative
phosphorylation
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a.
the methods for
estimate of the coupling
sites
• the p/o ratio
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• calculation formula
of free energy change
(standard reduction potential , E0’)
ΔG0’= -nFΔE0’
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example:
electrons pass from NADH（E0’=-0.32v ）
to O2(E0’=+0.82v)
ΔG0’= -296.6[0.82-(-0.32)]= -220 KJ
NADH
Q
ΔG0’= -69.4 KJ
CytB
CytC ΔG0’= -34.7 KJ
Cytaa3
O2
ΔG0’= - 102.3 KJ
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C. The mechanism of Oxidative
phosphorylation
• The chemiosmotic hypothesis
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D. factors effecting on oxidative
phosphorylation
• ADP/ATP
• Thyroid hormone
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E. inhibitors of oxidative
phosphorylation
• inhibitors of respiratory chain
• uncoupler (2,4dinitrophenol)
• inhibitors of oxidative
phosphorylation (oligomycin)
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The storage,release,& utilization
of ATP
A. the sources of high energy
phosphate group in ATP
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• oxidative phosphorylation
• phosphorylation on substrate level
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example：
1,3-diphosphoglycerate + ADP
PEP + ADP
phosphoglycerate + ATP
EP + ATP
PK
succinylCoA + H3PO4 + GDP
succinate+ CoA-SH
+
GTP
+
ADP
ATP
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B. the storage of ATP
• phosphocreatin
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C . the other nucleoside
triphosphates
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Electrons from cytosolic NADH
enter mitochondrial by shuttles
• glycerol phosphate shuttle
• Malate-asparate shuttle
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