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Compare and contrast the DNA molecule on the left with the RNA molecule on the right Include 3 similarities and 3 differences between the two molecules We have looked at DNA. But how is this gentic code actually used for anything? Lets See! The genetic code is used as a blueprint to make proteins. To manufacture proteins, cells follow a very systematic 2 step procedure that first transcribes DNA in the nucleus into mRNA and then translates the mRNA into chains of amino acids in the cells ribosomes. RNA is very similar to DNA except that it: contains a different sugar (ribose instead of deoxyribose) has only a single strand of nucleotides instead of two strands contains the nitrogen base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), along with protein, makes up the ribosomes • Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies DNA’s code & carries the genetic information to the ribosomes • Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized The “m” in “mRNA” stands for “messenger,” because mRNA copies genetic information from DNA (which is found in the nucleus) and carries it to another part of the cell (the ribosomes). Transcribe the DNA sequence below into a strand of mRNA G T T C C G A T C ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Where in a cell does the process below take place? A A A G G C T A G T T T C C G A T C U U U C C G A U C What product is produced as a result of this process? A A A G G C T A G T T T C C G A T C U U U C C G A U C Think of the genetic code the mRNA is carrying as a series of three-letter “words.” Each of these three-letter words is called a codon. Codon Codon Codon Codon Codon Codon Different codons code for different amino acids. For example, the codon for the amino acid methionine is AUG (adenine, uracil, guanine). The codon for the amino acid serine is UCA (uracil, cytosine, adenine). Another type of RNA, called tRNA (“t” stands for “transfer”) matches the codons in mRNA to the correct amino acids. As the mRNA strand moves along the ribosome, the amino acids are joined in the correct sequence to form a protein. This process is called translation. U C G A C C G G A G Codon Codon Codon Codon Codon Codon