Download Emerging Trends in Probiotics Research

Emerging Trends in Probiotics
Research For Human Health
Hariom Yadav and Shalini Jain
Animal Biochemistry Division
National Dairy Research Institute
Karnal-132001 (Haryana)INDIA
Probiotics concept
“Probiotics are living microorganisms which upon ingestion in
sufficient numbers, exert health benefits beyond basic nutrition.”
Intensive research area in the world……..
Probiotics health benefits
Elimination of lactose intolerance
Anti-diarrheal
Immunomodulatory
Antidiabetic
Anticarcinogenic
Hypocholesterolemic
Antihypertensive
Probiotics microorganisms
Probitocs consist specific microbial cultures and/ or ingredients that
stimulate gut micro flora capable of modifying the gastrointestinal
environment which keeps the host healthy
• Lactic acid producing bacteria
Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium
• Yeast
• Others
Commercially available products may contain
pure and combined cultures of:
• Lactobacillus
• Bifidobacterium
• Streptococcus
• Pedicococcus
• Aspergillus
• Bacillus
Probiotics attributes
 Acid tolerance
 Bile tolerance
 Cell surface hydrophobicity
 Protoplast regeneration
 Antimicrobial activity
 Cholesterol removal and bile salt deconjugation
 Gut colonization
 Lactose removal
 Protease and aminopeptidase activity
Improvements for survival of probiotics
Heat from pelleting and long storage of products may render the non
viability of the product. For improving the survival of probiotic cultures
following practices has been applied….
Microincapsulation
:
Entrapment of micro-organisms with artificial/ biological membranes/
supports/ coverings
Prebiotics
:
Addition of prebiotics such as inulin, fructo-oligosacchrides etc.
Other food supplements
:
Addition of other food additives such as fibres, vitamins etc.
Prebiotics
“Prebiotics are non-digestible but fermentable oligosaccharides
that are specifically designed to change the composition and
activity of the intestinal microbiota with prospect to promote
the health of the host.”
Synbiotics
“A synbiotics is a combination of one or more probiotics
and prebiotics.”
Purported mechanisms of action
Free amino acids
Neutralization of
Organic acids
dietary carcinogens
β-Galactosidase activity
Oligosaccharides
Probiotics
Immunostimulatory
Cholesterol assimilation
Antioxidant
Short chain fatty acids
Survival and adhesion
Bioactive peptides
Bacteriocin
competitions with
pathogenic bacteria
Adhesive
Non-adhesive
Microorganisms
M = M cells of intestinal epithelium
L = Lymphocytes
Immune Response
APC = Antigen presenting cells
Intestinal Epithelium
Th = T-helper cells
M
IL = Interleukines
TGF = Tumour growth factor
L
IFN = Interferon
TNF = Tumour necrosis factor
L
L
APC
Ig = Immunoglobulin
L
Th0
IgG ↑
Cell
mediated
response
IL-2 ↑
IFN- γ ↑
+
TGF-β↓
IL-4 ↓
IL-10 ↓
B
Antibody
mediated
response
IgM ↑
IgE ↓
B
Th2
Th1
IgA
IL-2 ↑
IFN-γ ↑
TNF-α ↑
IFN-α ↑
Natural killer cells ↑
Macrophages ↑
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ↑
Viruses
Tumors
Current trends
 Anticarcinogenic: Colon, breast and others
 Antidiabetic
 Anti-allergic
 Anti-inflammatory Diseases: IBD, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn
disease, Pouchitis and Postoperative complications
 Genetically modified probiotics
 Oral vaccine development
Future perspectives
 Elucidate the physiological role and mechanism of action probiotics
 Extent of influence of probiotics in human health using human feeding studies
 Studies on human populations for colon cancer or cancer recurrence
 Validate markers used for assessing probiotic function. Testing of predictions
based on biomarker studies with actual results in human clinical evaluation is
needed. Biomarker validated in the areas of immune system, cancer and gut
microbiology is especially important. Once validated biomarkers will be useful
tools to assess the dose dependence and strain specific responses.
 Assess effects of probiotics on populations and activity of gut microbes. The
application of gene based methods holds much promise in this field.
 Improve reliability and ease of taxonomic classification of probiotic bacteria.
Improve strain performance and activity.
Institutes Engaged for Probiotics Research in India
Central Food Technology and Research Institute, Mysore
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh
National Dairy Development Board, Anand
Nestle Pvt Ltd, Panipat
Eat Probiotics foods, live healthy life
So…..
Eat the “good bugs” every day……….
Invite them in………..
You will find they make very friendly
houseguests.