Download Special Diets - Liberty Union High School District

Special Diets
Instructions for those with
different diseases that affect
nutritional concerns.
Diabetes
Glucose
Receptor
Insulin
The pancreas supplies
insulin which causes the
receptors to be able to
take up glucose into the
cells. This is a normal
functioning pancreas.
Diabetes Type I
Glucose
Receptor
Insulin
Those with Diabetes
type I do not produce
insulin, so therefore
glucose is not
absorbed or utilized.
This causes high levels
of glucose to remain in
the blood and urine.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/diabetesintroduction/htm/
_no_50_no_0.htm
Diabetes Type II
Glucose
Receptor
Insulin
Those with type II diabetes have
insulin made by their pancreas, but it
is not utilized correctly or there are
not enough receptors. It does not
unlock the receptors to take up that
glucose within the body.
Diabetes Symptoms
– Symptoms of this disease include:
excessive thirst and urination
hunger
weight loss
– Over the long term,
kidney problems,
pain due to nerve damage
blindness
heart and blood vessel disease.
Diabetes
Treatment
– dietary changes
–exercise
–oral medication
Many who develop type 2
diabetes are overweight, thus
having a decreased
responsiveness to insulin.
Diabetes
Those with diabetes need to:
– Eat about the same amount of food
each day.
– Eat your meals and snacks at about the
same times each day.
– Do not skip meals or snacks.
– Take your medicines at the same times
each day.
– Exercise at about the same times each
day.
Hypoglycemia
This is where your body produces
TOO MUCH insulin
– This is treated in much the same way as
diabetes
– http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tut
orials/hypoglycemia/htm/_no_50_no_0.
htm
High Blood Pressure
When your heart has to use more
force than it should to get the blood
and nutrients to where they need to
go.
– Thick blood due to dehydration
– Fatty deposits in the vessels causing a
“traffic jam”
– Stress causes increased muscle tension
around the vessels squeezing them shut
High Blood Pressure
Eat a balanced diet
–Low fat
–Reduce the amount of
sodium intake
Maintain a healthy weight
Decrease stress/ Relax/
Sleep
Celiac disease
The lining of the small intestine is
damaged from eating gluten and
other proteins found in wheat,
barley, rye, and possibly oats.
Gastrointestinal symptoms:
The symptoms of celiac disease can vary
significantly from person to person.
Abdominal pain
Bloating, gas,
indigestion
Constipation
Diarrhea, chronic
or occasional
Decreased appetite
Stools that float,
are foul smelling,
bloody, or “fatty”
Unexplained weight
loss
Lactose intolerance
Nausea and
vomiting
Metabolic Disorders
Hyperthyroidism
– caused by an overactive thyroid
gland.
which increases the person's basal
metabolic rate (BMR).
– symptoms:
weight loss,
increased heart rate
blood pressure,
protruding eyes,
swelling in the neck from an enlarged
thyroid (goiter).
Metabolic Disorders
Hypothyroidism
– a nonexistent or underactive thyroid
gland
– it results from a developmental
problem or a destructive disease of
the thyroid.
– a person's basal metabolic rate
(BMR) is low.
Not getting treatment for
hypothyroidism can lead to brain and
growth problems.
Hypothyroidism
– Symptoms
slows body processes and
causes fatigue,
slow heart rate,
excessive weight gain, and
constipation.
– Teens with this condition can be
treated with oral thyroid
hormone to achieve normal
levels in the body.
Lactose Intolerance
Symptoms
condition in which
lactase, an enzyme
needed for proper
metabolization of
lactose (a
constituent of milk
and other dairy
products), is not
produced in
adulthood.
– Increased amounts
of gas (flatulents
and bloating)
– Stomach cramps
– Diarrhea
Treatment
– Avoid lactose
products
– Alternate dairy
products
– Lactase-enzyme
meds
Pregnancy
It is especially important to have a
balanced diet according to the food
pyramid.
Doctor also suggest to make sure
that a pregnant woman gets enough:
– Calcium – for bone growth
– Iron – makes hemoglobin in the blood
– Folic Acid (Folate) – helps prevent some
birth defects
Vegetarians
Types of Vegetarianism
– ovo-vegetarian - eats eggs; no meat
– lacto-ovo vegetarian - eats dairy and
egg products; no meat
– lacto-vegetarian - eats dairy
products; no eggs or meat
– vegan - eats only food from plant
sources
Vegetarians
Vegetarians often lack certain
vitamins and minerals from their diet
that are needed to be supplemented:
–vitamin B12
–vitamin D
–calcium
–protein
–iron
–zinc
Athletes
During times of high-intensity training,
adequate energy needs to be consumed
to:
– maintain body weight
– maximize the training effects
– maintain health
Low-energy intakes can result in:
–
–
–
–
loss of muscle mass
menstrual dysfunction
loss or failure to gain bone density
increased risk of fatigue, injury, and illness.
Athletes
Carbohydrates
– important to maintain blood-glucose levels
during exercise and to replace muscle
glycogen.
– Recommendations for athletes range from 6 to
10 g/kg body weight per day.
– The amount required depends upon:
athlete’s total daily energy expenditure,
type of sport performed,
sex of the athlete, and
environmental conditions.
Athletes
Protein
–endurance athletes are 1.2 to 1.4
g/kg body weight per day,
– resistance and strength-trained
athletes may be as high as 1.6 to
1.7 g/kg body weight per day.
–This can generally be met through
diet alone, without the use of
protein or amino acid supplements!
Athlete
Before exercise, a meal or snack
should provide:
– sufficient fluid to maintain hydration,
– be relatively low in fat and fiber
– be relatively high in carbohydrate to
maximize maintenance of blood glucose,
– be moderate in protein
– be composed of foods familiar and well
tolerated