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Biochemistry Review Updated Spring 2015 What kind of compounds are all living things made up of? What kind of compounds are all living things made up of? • Organic compounds What element do all organic compounds contain? What element do all organic compounds contain? • Carbon How many available bonding sites does a carbon atom have? How many available bonding sites does a carbon atom have? • 4 • Outer shell wants to have 8 electrons to become stable. How is carbon different from most of the other elements on the periodic table? How is carbon different from most of the other elements on the periodic table? • Carbon wants to bond to other carbon atoms! What 3 elements are found often in organic compounds? What 3 elements are found often in organic compounds? • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen In a water molecule, oxygen pulls the shared electrons closer to its nucleus. So… near the O, the molecule is slightly negative, and near the 2 H’s, it is slightly positive. What is kind of molecule does this make water? In a water molecule, oxygen pulls the shared electrons closer to its nucleus. So… near the O, the molecule is slightly negative, and near the 2 H’s, it is slightly positive. What is kind of molecule does this make water? • POLAR molecule Water= Polar Molecule • has + and – poles, like magnet • wants to bond to other molecules Why is water effective at dissolving other polar substances? Why is water effective at dissolving other polar substances? • Because of its polarity Salt (NaCl) mixed in H2O dissociates into ions (Cl- and H+) because water is POLAR. What is the vocab word for water’s ability to move up and down narrow tubes? What is the vocab word for water’s ability to move up and down narrow tubes? • Capillarity Examples of Capillarity: Xylem and Phloem What is water’s attraction to unlike substances called? What is water’s attraction to unlike substances called? • ADHESION What is the vocab word for the attractive force between water molecules? What is the vocab word for the attractive force between water molecules? • COHESION Cohesion= water sticking to itself What causes water to cling to itself and to other substances or surfaces? What causes water to cling to itself and to other substances or surfaces? • Hydrogen bonds between water molecules What are clusters of atoms that give molecules their properties called? What are clusters of atoms that give molecules their properties called? • Functional groups What functional group do all alcohol molecules have? What functional group do all alcohol molecules have? • Hydroxyl group (OH) What is the vocab word for a single unit from which a larger molecule is built? What is the vocab word for a single unit from which a larger molecule is built? • Monomer What is the vocab word for a molecule made up of more two or more monomers? What is the vocab word for a molecule made up of more two or more monomers? • Polymer Lego Bear= Ultimate Lego Polymer Which kind of reaction forms polymers and gives off water? Which kind of reaction forms polymers and gives off water? • Condensation reaction To which kind of reaction must you ADD water to break down polymers into monomers? To which kind of reaction must you ADD water to break down polymers into monomers? • Hydrolysis reaction What is the vocab word for the molecule that is created and broken down for energy exchange in organisms? What is the vocab word for the molecule that is created and broken down for energy exchange in organisms? • ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) What is the vocab word that means “sugars”? What is the vocab word that means “sugars”? • Carbohydrates Examples of carbohydrates What letters are usually at the end of a word for a carbohydrate? What letters are usually at the end of a word for a carbohydrate? • OSE What would you call a carbohydrate monomer? What would you call a carbohydrate monomer? • Monosaccaride What would you call a carbohydrate molecule that’s made up of two monomers? What would you call a carbohydrate molecule that’s made up of two monomers? • Disaccharide What would you call a carbohydrate polymer? What would you call a carbohydrate polymer? • Polysaccharide In what form do animals store extra glucose in their bodies? In what form do animals store extra glucose in their bodies? • As glycogen molecules What would you call the monomer of a protein? What would you call the monomer of a protein? • An amino acid How many amino acids are there? How many amino acids are there? • 20 What is the vocab word for fats? What is the vocab word for fats? • Lipids What would you call a lipid monomer? What would you call a lipid monomer? • Fatty acid What are examples of lipid polymers? What are examples of lipid polymers? • Triglycerides • Phospholipids • Wax What are the monomers of nucleic acids called? What are the monomers of nucleic acids called? • Nucleotides What are 2 examples of nucleic acids? What are 2 examples of nucleic acids? • DNA • RNA
