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SUGAR UP
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
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Chapters 6 + 22 Test
CONTRAST
• SLOW TWITCH
MUSCLES
• Thin fibers
• Many mitochondrion
• Aerobic
• Many myoglobin
• Dark Meat
• Long Distance runs
• FAST TWITCH
MUSCLES
• Thick fibers
• Few Mitochondrion
• Anaerobic
• Few myoglobin
• White Meat
• Sprinters, weight
lifting
Respiratory System
A
B
C
D
Where does the oxygen enters?
Where does the oxygen enters?
Nose (1) and
mouth (2)
Where is the trachea?
Where is the trachea?
(8)
Where is the larynx? (voicebox)
Where is the larynx? (voicebox)
#3
Where is the diaphragm?
Where is the diaphragm?
(6)
Where is the bronchi?
5 and 9
Where is the bronchioles?
Where is the bronchioles?
10
Where is the pharynx?
Where is the pharynx?
7
What is located at #11?
What is located at #11?
alveoli
Which is inhalation?
Which is inhalation?
Which is the diaphragm relaxing?
Which is the diaphragm exhaling?
50 Calories = _____ calories
• 50,000 calories
• Calorie = 1000 calories
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR
THE KREBS CYCLE?
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A. CALVIN CYCLE
B. SUGAR CYCLE
C. CITRIC ACID CYCLE
D. PYRUVIC ACID CYCLE
• Answer: C
Pryuvic Acid Needs to be Cut and
Groomed to Enter the Krebs Cycle.
What does this mean?
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A. Lose CO2 and add Coenzyme B
B. Lose O2 and add Coenzyme B
C. Lose CO2 and add Coenzyme A
D. Lose O2 and add Coenzyme A
• ANSWER: C
What means “Sugar Breaking?”
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A. glycolysis
B. fermentation
C. Krebs Cycle
D. ETC
• ANSWER: A
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What process regenerates NAD+
(NADH back to NAD+) so
glycolysis and cell respiration can
continue?
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
ETC/chemiosmosis
Fermentation
___________________
• ANSWER: fermentation
What electron carriers are at “D”
and at “E”?
“D” = NADH “E” = FADH2 + NADH
What waste gas leaves at “H”?
Carbon Dioxide
What processes are at A, B, C?
A (glycolysis) B (Krebs cycle)
C (ETC and chemiosmosis)
What is at “B” and “D”?
B = H+ ions IMS
D = Krebs in Matrix
What is at “A” and “C”?
“A” = ETC “C” = ATP Synthase
What is redox?
• HINT AND WHAT IT REPRESENTS
• Leo goes Ger
• ___________________________
• Loss of electrons = oxidation
• Gain of Electrons = reduction
What process means without
oxygen?
• A. aerobic
• B. anaerobic
• _________________
• ANSWER: anaerobic
• Aerobic is with oxygen
1. Anaerobic Process in Yeast
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A. glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. ETC
D. chemiosmosis
E. Alcoholic Fermentation
F. Lactic Acid Fermentation
• ANSWER: E
2. Movement of H+ ions across the
ATP synthase
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A. glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. ETC
D. chemiosmosis
E. Alcoholic Fermentation
F. Lactic Acid Fermentation
• ANSWER: D
3. Splitting of Glucose into two 3-C
compounds
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A. glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. ETC
D. chemiosmosis
E. Alcoholic Fermentation
F. Lactic Acid Fermentation
• ANSWER: A
4. Also Called Citric Acid Cycle
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A. glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. ETC
D. chemiosmosis
E. Alcoholic Fermentation
F. Lactic Acid Fermentation
• ANSWER: B
5.Movement of e- from Hi to Lo
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A. glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. ETC
D. chemiosmosis
E. Alcoholic Fermentation
F. Lactic Acid Fermentation
• ANSWER: C
6. Anaerobic process in animals’
muscles
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A. glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. ETC
D. chemiosmosis
E. Alcoholic Fermentation
F. Lactic Acid Fermentation
• ANSWER: F
What is the number?
• 1. Carbons in each pyruvic acid
molecule?
• 3
• 2. ATP’s formed when one molecule of
glucose breaks down (net) in
glycolysis?
• 2 (net)
4 formed
What is the number?
• 3. ATP’s are formed during ETC and
chemiosmosis?
• 34
• 4. ATP’s formed from breakdown of
glucose TOTAL (glycolysis, Krebs,
ETC/chemiosmosis)?
• 38
What is the number?
• 5. ATP’s needed to get the
glucose in glycolysis started to
break down.
• 2
WHERE DOES THIS OCCUR?
• Fermentation
• Cytoplasm
• Krebs cycle
• Matrix
• ETC
• Inner Membrane
WHERE DOES THIS OCCUR?
• H+ ions collect
before they pass
through ATP
synthase
• ATP synthase
• Inner Membrane
Space
• Inner Membrane
What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
• C6H12O6
•
+ 6 O2
• 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
• + ATP
What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
• C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
FADH2 and NADH deliver H+ and
e- to this stage
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G. Glycolysis
K. Krebs cycle
E. ETC/Chemiosmosis
___________________________
• ANSWER: E
FAD and NAD+ pick up H+ and ein this stage
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G. Glycolysis
K. Krebs cycle
E. ETC/Chemiosmosis
___________________________
• ANSWER: K
NAD+ only pick up H+ and e- in
this stage
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G. Glycolysis
K. Krebs cycle
E. ETC/Chemiosmosis
___________________________
• ANSWER: G
What is the final electron acceptor
of cellular respiration?
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A. NADH
B. FADH2
C. oxygen
D. carbon
• ANSWER: C
Where do each of these come from
to form water in cellular
respiration?
• H+?
• O?
• e-?
Where do each of these come from
to form water in cellular
respiration?
• H+ = electron carriers NADH
and FADH2
• O2 = breathing in
• Electrons = electron carriers
NADH and FADH2
Product at the end of each process:
• 1. 3-C molecule at • 1. Pyruvic acid
the end of
glycolysis
• 2. end of
chemiosmosis
when H+ ions
combine with
oxygen
• 2. water
Product at end of process:
• 3. With ethyl alcohol
in yeast formation
• 3. carbon dioxide
• 4. in anaerobic
fermentation in
muscles
• 4. lactic acid
• 5. waste product
liquid in yeast
fermentation
• 5. ethanol
HOW DIFFERENT?
• ADP and ATP
• Picked up a P
Lower to Higher energy
• NAD+ to NADH
Picked up e- and H
(empty and full electron carrier)
• FAD to FADH2
Picked up e- and H (empty and full
electron carrier)
• Glucose to
• pyruvic acid
• Split from 6-C to 3-C in
glycolysis
What is the final electron
acceptor of the ETC?
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A. oxygen
B. NAD+
C. FAD
_______________________
• ANSWER: oxygen
WHAT DO THESE MEAN?
• Anaerobic
• Aerobic
• Without oxygen • With oxygen
When e- are passed in the ETC,
what direction does the energy
flow?
• FROM HIGH TO LOW
• ETC animation
What is phosphorylation?
• Addition of a phosphate
• Like ADP + P = ATP
LABEL
Inter membrane
space
Where does it take place?
• 1. cellular respiration
• 2. Krebs cycle
• 3. lactic acid
fermentation
• 4. alcoholic
fermentation
• 5. gives off CO2 as a
waste product
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C = cytoplasm
M = mitochondrion
IM = inner membrane
IMS = inter
membrane space
• MX = matrix
Where does it take place?
• 1. cellular
respiration
• 2. Krebs cycle
• 3. lactic acid
fermentation
• 4. alcoholic
fermentation
• 5. gives off CO2 as a
waste product
• M
• MX
• C
• C
• MX,
• G (glycolysis)
Where does it take place?
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ETC
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
NADH and FADH2
(gives up e-)
• H+ ions collect
when NADH and
FADH2 give up e-
• C = cytoplasm
• M = mitochondrion
• IM = inner
membrane
• IMS = inter
membrane space
• MX = matrix
Where does it take place?
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ETC
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
NADH and FADH2
(gives up e-)
• H+ ions collect
when NADH and
FADH2 give up e-
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IM
C
MX
MX to IM
• IMS
What number?
2 3 4 6 34 38
ATP to start glycolysis?
ANSWER: 2
Total ATP made from glycolysis to
pyruvic acid?
ANSWER: 4
What number?
2 3 4 6 34 38
Net ATP made from glucose to
pyruvic acid?
ANSWER: 2
ATP from Krebs cycle?
ANSWER: 2
What number?
2 3 4 6 34 38
ATP from ETC and
chemiosmosis?
ANSWER: 34
Total ATP from one glucose
broken down (glycolysis +
Krebs cycle +
ETC/chemiosmosis) ?
ANSWER:38
What number?
2 3 4 6 34 38
Number of carbons in glucose?
ANSWER: 6
Number of carbons in pyruvic acid?
ANSWER: 3
Is it ANAEROBIC OR AEROBIC?
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Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Chemiosmosis
Fermentation
ETC
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Anaerobic
Aerobic
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Aerobic
WHAT IS OAA?
• 4 carbon
molecule that
attaches to
acetyl group to
form citric acid
In the cellular respiration
equation, what are the:
• REACTANTS • PRODUCTS
• Glucose
• oxygen
• Oxygen
• Carbon dioxide
SLP or OP
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In the cytoplasm
SLP
Uses a membrane
OP
In ETC
OP
Glycolysis
SLP
FADH2
OP
What would you call an
enzyme that:
• Removed a hydrogen from NADH?
• Dehydrogenase
• H+ ions went through to join ADP + P
to form ATP
• ATP synthase
Name your poison:
• Blocks ETC to kill pest insects and fish
• Rotenone
• Used in Tylenol tampering; blocks 4th
protein in ETC
• cyanide
• Antibiotic blocks H+ passage
• DNP
• Blocks first protein, a poison
• oligomycin
What products form in…
• Alcoholic fermentation of glucose and
yeast?
• Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• Fermentation in muscle cells?
• Just lactic acid, no carbon dioxide
Under what conditions…
• Do obligate anaerobes live?
• Anaerobic conditions required
• (poisoned by oxygen)
Under what conditions do…
• Facultative anaerobes live?
• Can make ATP either with or
without oxygen
What is the smallest rotary
motor known?
• ATP synthase
• WHAT DOES IT DO?
• Causes ADP + P to form
ADP as H+ running through
it causes it to turn
What percent of the energy
stored in glucose can be
captured from cellular
respiration?
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10%
25%
34%
67%
ANSWER: 34%
Reduced or oxidized?
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NAD+
Oxidized
NADH
Reduced
FAD
Oxidized
FADH2
Reduced
When NAD is reduced to
NADH,
what does it pick up?
• 2 e- and 2 H+
What are the 3 steps of “Cut
and Groom” of pyruvate?
• 1. remove a carbon (CO2)
• 2. Form NADH
• 3. Coenzyme A is added to form
acetyl-CoA
How many NADH are made…
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In glycolysis
4
In Krebs cycle
6
In Cut and Groom
2
4 NADH would form how many
ATP?
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4
8
12
16
• ANSWER: 12
What product is formed at
the end of the “Energy
Investment Phase” of
glycolysis?
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G3P
Pyruvate
CO2
ANSWER:
G3P
HOW MANY ATP FORM?
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Glycolysis
2
Krebs Cycle
2
CUT AND GROOM
2
ETC/CHEMIOSMOSIS
34
The movement of H+ across
an ATP synthase from high to
low to form ATP is called:
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Fermentation
Glycolysis
Chemiosmosis
ETC
• ANSWER: chemiosmosis
Count off
1-5
• Get a big dry erase board and that is your
extended response question to write.
• We will them walk around the room to view
your answers.