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Major Organs/Systems of Focus Kidney and Urinary System Gastrointestinal System Other Systems to Consider Lymphatic System Mucous Membranes and Internal Tissue Linings (“Internal Skin”) Respiratory Tract Skin (External) The Kidney Images of Renal and Urinary System Images of Renal and Urinary System Images of Renal and Urinary System Aspects of Basic Kidney Function and Dysfunction The Physiology of Renal Detoxification Detoxification by the Kidney Approximately 190 liters of blood pass through the kidney daily (25% of total circulation). Waste is Removed Medications Byproducts of Food Additives Byproducts of Normal Metabolism Electrolytes are Balanced Potassium Sodium Others (phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, etc.) Water is Regulated The Liver Functions of the Liver Production of bile, which helps carry away waste and break down fats in the small intestine during digestion Production of certain proteins for blood plasma Production of cholesterol and special proteins to help carry fats through the body Functions of the Liver Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage (glycogen can later be converted back to glucose for energy) Regulation of blood levels of amino acids, which form the building blocks of proteins Processing of hemoglobin for use of its iron content (the liver stores iron) Functions of the Liver Conversion of poisonous ammonia to urea (urea is an end product of protein metabolism and is excreted in the urine) Clearing the blood of drugs and other poisonous substances regulating blood clotting resisting infections by producing immune factors and removing bacteria from the bloodstream The Small Intestine Basic Function of Small Intestine Duodenum Receives secretions from the liver and pancreas using bile ducts It uses these secretions to extract nutrients from food Jejunum A major area of absorption Ileum Provides passage from small intestine to large intestine (colon) The Large Intestine The Large Intestine It is about 1.5 meters (4.9ft) long It absorbs water Passes Solid Waste Material out of the body Major Components Cecum Colon Ascending Transverse Descending Rectum Anus Other Systems Lymphatic System Mucous Membranes and Internal Tissue Linings (“Internal Skin”) Respiratory Tract Skin (External)