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•Karyotype is a picture of chromosomes.
•2 out of the 46 chromosomes are sex
chromosomes
•The rest of the 44 chromosomes are called
autosomes.
•Females have XX sex chromosomes
•Males have XY sex chromosomes.
•Therefore there is 50% chance that the
sperm will carry an X or Y chromosomes.
•A pedigree chart can show relationships
within families.
•There are two Blood Groups;
ABO and RH
• Rh+ is dominant rather than Rh•Knowing a person’s blood group is critical
to know because using the wrong blood
type could be fatal.
•Alleles Iᴬand Iᴮ are codominant.
Blood Groups
Phenotype
Genotype
Anitgien on
Red Blood
Cells
Safe Transfusions
From
A
IᴬIᴬ, or Iᴬi
A
A, AB
A, O
B
IᴮIᴮ, or Iᴮi
B
B, AB
A, O
AB
IᴬIᴮ
A and B
AB
A, B, AB, O
O
ii
none
A, B, AB, O
O
•Sickle Cells is a common disorder formed
in African Americans.
•It is characterized by the bent and twisted
shape.
•People with this disease inherited DNA
copies of the sickle cell allele.
•PKU (Phenylketonuria) , is a genetic
disease that has a recessive allele.
•People with PKU lack the enzyme that’s
needed to break down phenlalnine, which
is an amino acid found in milk and other
foods.
•If a newborn has PKU, phenyalanine may
build up in the tissues during the child’s fist
uears of life and cause severe mental
redardation.
•They would’ve had to inherit the recessie
allele from both parents.
•Some disorders are caused by autosomal
recessive alleles.
•Tay-Sachs disease is one effected by this.
•This is a disease caused by an alleles found
mostly in Jewish families of central and
eastern European countries.
•This disease results in nervous system
breakdown and death in the first few years
of life.
•There is no cure for this disease by there is
a test which can determine whether you
contain this allele.